Chapter 17 - improved flashcards

Question 1

in regards to functional age, what can be said about competence and performance?

Answer 1

actual competence and performance may not match chronological age

Question 2

what exists between and within all people?

Answer 2

variations

Question 3

can anything predict rate of aging?

Answer 3

no single biological measure can predict rate of aging

Question 4

what are the gains in average life expectancy largely the result of?

Answer 4

reducing health risks in the first 20 to 30 years of life

Question 5

what do some scientists believe the goal should be when it comes to life expectancy?

Answer 5

they believe the goal should be quality and not quantity

Question 6

what are the ADL’s?

Answer 6

the activities of daily living

Question 7

what are the IADL?

Answer 7

instrumental activities of daily living

Question 8

what is the difference between ADL’s and IADLs?

Answer 8

ADL’s are basic self care tasks when IADL’s require some cognitive competence

Question 9

in regards to hearing loss, what is most affected?

Answer 9

high frequencies are most affected

Question 10

what does speech perception is this age group affect?

Answer 10

speech perception affects life satisfaction

Question 11

what gender reports more problems with hearing?

Answer 11

men

Question 12

in regards to vision, there is a greater sensitive to what?

Answer 12

to glagers

Question 13

in regards to vision, what greatly decreases?

Answer 13

dark adaptation and depth perception

Question 14

what is cataract?

Answer 14

cataract is cloudy visionw

Question 15

what degeneration is experienced in the eye?

Answer 15

macular degeneration

Question 16

what gender reports more problem with vision?

Answer 16

women

Question 17

what changes in the heart as the years pass in this age group?

Answer 17

heart beat less forceful and reduced maximum heart rate bloodflow

Question 18

what happens to lung capacity?

Answer 18

vital lung capacity is reduced by half

Question 19

in this age group, what can be said about physical exertion?

Answer 19

there is less oxygen delivered to tissues during physical exertion

Question 20

why are low SES and ethnic minorities likely to delay medical treatment?

Answer 20

one reason is cost and the other is perceived discrimination

Question 21

what is morbidity?

Answer 21

the average period of ill health, suffering before death

Question 22

what three things are extra nutrients gonna protect for this age group?

Answer 22

the immune system, bones, and against free radicals

Question 23

how can diet protect against mental disabilities?

Answer 23

eating fish high in omega 3 fatty acids offer protection against mental disabilites

Question 24

what can endurance training accomplish for older adults?

Answer 24

endurance training increases vital lung capacity

Question 25

what does weight bearing exercises improve in older adults?

Answer 25

walking, balance and posture

Question 26

what is primary aging and when does it occur?

Answer 26

primary aging are genetically influenced declines and occurs when health is good

Question 27

what is secondary agin?

Answer 27

declines due to hereditary effects and negative environmental influence

Question 28

how common is alheirmers?

Answer 28

70 percemt

Question 29

what are the first symptoms of Alzheimers?

Answer 29

progressively worsening memory, personality changes and anxiety

Question 30

what are the progressing symptoms of alheimers?

Answer 30

motor and speech problems, sleep disturbances, loss of recognition

Question 31

what are Brain changes of Alzheimers?

Answer 31

tangles containing plaques and synapse deterioration

Question 32

what are the risk factors of Alzheimers?

Answer 32

high fat Diest, physical inactivity, obesity

Question 33

what are the protective factors of Alzheimers?

Answer 33

education, mediterranean diet, exercise

Question 34

what do caregivers desire the most?

Answer 34

the need assistance and encouragement as well as dramatic changes in living conditions

Question 35

what do health interventions address?

Answer 35

multiple needs

Question 36

what can health interventions provide?

Answer 36

coping strategies, caregiving skills, respite

Question 37

what does explicit memory require?

Answer 37

require controlled strategic processing

Question 38

what are three changes to episodic memory?

Answer 38

slower cognitive processing, reduced working memories, retain fewer details

Question 39

what is implicit memory?

Answer 39

without conscious awareness

Question 40

in implicit memory what is easier than recall?

Answer 40

recognition

Question 41

how does implicit memory decline compared to explicit memory?

Answer 41

implicit memory declines far less than explicit memory

Question 42

what becomes difficult with associative memory?

Answer 42

difficulty creating and retrieving links between pieces of information

Question 43

what is remote memory?

Answer 43

very long term episodic recall

Question 44

autobiographical memory is strange for both what?

Answer 44

for both remote and recent events than for intermediate events

Question 45

what is prospective memory?

Answer 45

remembering to engage in planned actions in the future

Question 46

first ingredient of wisdom is knowledge about what?

Answer 46

knowledge about life's fundamental concerns

Question 47

the second ingredient of wisdom is effective what?

Answer 47

effective strategies for applying knowledge

Question 48

the third ingredient of wisdom is view of?

Answer 48

view of people considers multiple demands of their lives

Question 49

the fourth ingredient of wisdom is concern for what?

Answer 49

concern with ultimate human values

Question 50

the fifth ingredient of wisdom is awareness and what?

Answer 50

awareness and management of life's uncertainties

Question 51

what are three factors related to cognitive maintenance?

Answer 51

modest genetic contribution, mentally active life and health status

Question 52

what are signs of terminal decline?

Answer 52

rising instability of performance that increases in the 70s

Question 53

what is terminal decline?

Answer 53

accelerated deterioration of functioning prior to death