Chapter 15

Question 1

Presbycusis (“old hearing” ): between ages 45-64 is the initial what? what is more difficult to make?

Answer 1

Initial decline in sensitivity to high frequencies ; grad Extends to a ll frequencies.
speech more difficult to make out

Question 2

Wrinkles

Answer 2

Forehead : Starting in thirties · crow feet : Forties

Question 3

when do age spots start to show up?

Answer 3

Age spots after age 50

Question 4

wrinkles are fasters with?

Answer 4

Faster with sun exposure, and for women

Question 5

Muscle fat

Answer 5

Increase in body fat and loss of muscle and bone

Question 6

Middle-age spread common: fat gain in torso men

Answer 6

men : Upper abdomen, back · women:Waist, Upper arms

Question 7

Skeleton… bones?

Answer 7

Bones broaden but become more porous

Question 8

who is at greater risk for porous bones?

Answer 8

women

Question 9

what does a loss of bone strength cause?

Answer 9

Loss of bone strength causes the disks in the spinal column to collapse
· Height may drop

Question 10

reproduction: increasing complaints…?

Answer 10

increases complaints about sexual functioning

Question 11

decreased skin…?

Answer 11

Decreased skin elasticity, loss of bone mass.

Question 13

Benefits of hormone therapy

Answer 13

educes hot flashes and vaginal dryness Some protection against bone loss

Question 14

Frequency of sexual activity among heterosexual couples…

Answer 14

drops

Question 15

Sexuality in middle adulthood: best predictor

Answer 15

B e s t Predictor is relationship satisfication

Question 16

Intensity of response declines

Answer 16

s lo w e r arousal due to clim acteric: Sex still important
Partner availability

Question 17

what are the leading causes of death?

Answer 17

Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death *

Question 18

leading incidence?

Answer 18

Leading cancer incidence is lung cancer due to cigarette smoking

Question 19

patients with familial breast cancer…

Answer 19

Patients with familial breast cancer who respond poorly to treatment have either Brca genes

Question 20

different heart attack symptoms?

Answer 20

women experience extreme fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, pain in upper back or arm, as well as
intense anxiety

Question 21

what are type A people like and what do they have an increased risk of?

Answer 21

competitive , Impatient, angry, hostile
·Increased risk of heart attack

Question 22

what are angry outbursts and what do they predict?

Answer 22

angry outburst, predicts heart disease, greater risk if high blood pressure and atherosclerosis

Question 23

what is surprised hostility also linked to?

Answer 23

high blood pressure and heart disease

Question 24

in order to manage stress during an illness you should focus on? conider? do what regularly?

Answer 24

reevaluate situation
Focus on events you can control view life as Fluid
consider alternatives reasonable goals
· Exercise regularly.

Question 25

what should we teach people to in regards to illness?

Answer 25

assertive rather than hostile and to negotiate rather then explode; interrupts the behavio sponse between stress and illness

Question 26

how do you teach people to be assertive rather than hostile?

Answer 26

delay responding, mentally distracting behavior, calm self controlled, problem solving

Question 27

what does crystalized intelligence depend on?

Answer 27

· accumilated knowledge Experience · · good judgment mastery o f social conventions

Question 28

what is crystallized intelligence valued by?

Answer 28

valued by a person's culture

Question 29

when does crytstallized intelligene peak and when does it decline?

Answer 29

it peaks in midlife and declines in 80s

Question 30

what does fluid intelligence depend on?

Answer 30

basic information processing skills

Question 31

what three things make up fluid intelligence?

Answer 31

Detecting relationship among visual stimuli · speed of analyzing Information working memory

Question 32

what are the three changes in executive function during middle adulthood?

Answer 32

declines in working memory, reduced inhibition, flexible shifting of attention more challenging

Question 33

what suffers more in declining working memory?

Answer 33

spatial suffers more than verbal

Question 34

what does reduced inhibtion cause?

Answer 34

- evident on continuous performance tests - causes older adults to appear distractible

Question 35

in regards to attention, what becomes significantly harder?

Answer 35

substaining two tasks simultaneously, switching between mental operations is harder

Question 36

in regards to slower information processing, there is a deterioration in what as you move through what?

Answer 36

Deteriorating in neural connections Information loss as move through cognitive system

Question 37

as you move through the cognitive system, the whole system does what?

Answer 37

whole system slows down to inspect and interpret information

Question 38

what other three declines occur that predict the deteorioration of neural connectios?

Answer 38

declines in vision, hearing and executive function, especially working memory

Question 39

what is semantic memory?

Answer 39

general knowledge base

Question 40

what is procedural memory?

Answer 40

such as how to drive a car or solve a math problem

Question 41

what is metacognitive knowledge?

Answer 41

process of thinking about ones own thinking and learning

Question 42

what three reasons cause the Ability to recall studied information to decline?

Answer 42

- reduced use of memory strategies - Harder to retrieve Info from long-term memory - difficulty keeping attention on relative info

Question 43

what are two things adults can do to compensate loss of memory?

Answer 43

self paced tasks, training in strategies

Question 44

what are three reasons returning students don't get their degree?

Answer 44

Ability to handle academic work Aging, gender, and ethnic stereotypes Role overload

Question 45

The leading causes of death in middle age are?

Answer 45

cancer and CVD

Question 46

Cancer death rates increases sharply as ____decreases

Answer 46

SES

Question 47

What type of intelligence begins to decline in the twenties

Answer 47

fluid

Question 48

by midlife what happens to the retina?

Answer 48

half the rods in the retina are lost

Question 49

Which statement is true about loss of bone strength in middle adulthood

Answer 49

loss of bone strength causes the disks in the spinal cord to collapse

Question 50

who is more vulnerable to disability and illness in midlife?

Answer 50

men are more vulnerable than women to most problems in midlife

Question 51

Women age 65 and older taking HRT

Answer 51

have an elevated risk of developing alzheimers

Question 52

Women with either BRCA mutations are

Answer 52

ikely to develop early-onset breast cancer

Question 53

Merrill has a buildup of plaque in his coronary arteries, which encircle his heart and provide its muscle oxygen and nutrients. Merrill has

Answer 53

atherosclerosis

Question 54

Middle-aged adults tend to be rational decision makers because they

Answer 54

use practical problem solving skills