Chapter 17 : Heart Failure Flashcards
What is Heart Failure
weakened ventricular muscle that is unable to sufficiently pump blood to meet the needs of
the tissues
Heart Failure Acute vs. Chronic
Acute Heart Failure -
* rapid, sudden development of heart failure that is often caused by substantial ventricular muscle injury as in massive MI
Chronic Heart Failure -
* heart gradually suffers weakening over a long period
Heart Failure Systolic vs. Diastolic
Systolic Heart Failure -
the weakened left ventricle has difficulty ejecting blood out of the chamber causes inadequate ventricular emptying
Diastolic Heart Failure -
the ventricle has difficulty relaxing, is less elastic, and cannot
expand fully
Heart Failure LVF vs. RVF
Left Sided Heart Failure -
Can occur with both diastolic ( can’t fill ) and systolic ( cannot eject )
Diastolic - LVF due to HTN
Systolic - damage of the heart ( MI ) leads to decrease pressure generation
Right Ventricular Heart Failure -
Backward effects are most significant ( cannot pump blood forward )
JVD
Increase in CVP & hydrostatic
Hepato and splenomegaly & ascites
LVF forward and backward effects
LVHF ( forward effect )
Decrease perfusion
Activate SNS, RAAS
LVHF ( backward effects )
Hydrostatic pressure backups into the pulmonary circulation
Crackles , orthopnea
What is a pulmonary Embolism
embolus lodged in the pulmonary artery suddenly raises pressure within the pulmonary artery
- The increase in pressure causes RVF
Who is at risk for heart failure
Age
Race
Obese
Sedentary lifestyle
family History
diabetes
Smoking
Sleep apnea
Congenital heart defects
Anabolic steroids
Viral myocarditis
Kidney conditions
Symptoms of Heart Failure
Cerebral symptoms : Confusion , memory loss , anxiety
Decrease blood flow to GI tract
Muscle weakness
Poor urinary output
Cold and pale extremities
Assessment Findings of Heart Failure
Mild to moderate ( minimal symptoms )
Pulmonary crackles
JVD
S3 and S4 sounds heard
Shifted PMI
