Chapter 16 : Ischemic Heart Disease and Conduction Disorders

Question 1

What is an Acute MI

Answer 1

Prolonged ischemia to the myocardium due to blood flow obstruction causing irreversible damage

Question 2

Who is at risk for an MI

Answer 2

Person with atherosclerosis
Angina pectoris
Smoking
Family history

Question 3

Symptoms of an MI

Answer 3

Crushing chest pain
Levien’s sign ( fist to chest )
pain radiating to the jaw , shoulder and down left arm
extreme sweeting : diaphoresis

Question 4

Assessment Findings for MI

Answer 4

elevated blood cholesterol ( LDL )

Question 5

What is AV Block dysrhythmia

Answer 5

Sa atrial impulse fails to be conducted to the ventricle
(bradycardia )
Prolonged PR wave

Question 6

What is AFIB dysrhythmia

Answer 6

Absence of atrial contractions
multiple irregular fibrillatory P waves

CC: increased risk of clot formation and stroke

Question 7

What is Premature Ventricular Contraction

Answer 7

PVC’s most common arrhythmia
post-MI

Ventricle beats independently
Widened QRS complex

Question 8

What is Ventricular Tachycardia

Answer 8

Series of widened QRS waves without P or T
waves

Rapid, ineffective ventricular contractions
Rate greater than 100 bpm
Does not allow for effective pumping
Dyspnea, palpitations, and lightheadedness

Question 9

What is VFIB

Answer 9

Cannot see any waves clearly

May be precipitated by PVC falling on the T
wave

Contraction is uncoordinated, with no
effective pumping

CC: LOC or Death

Question 10

What is Chronic Coronary artery disease AKA Stable Angina

Answer 10

Recurrent chest pain caused by transient myocardial ischemia

Question 11

What is endocarditis

Answer 11

infection of the cardiac endothelium that most commonly affects the heart valves

Caused by Staph aureus

Question 12

What is Myocarditis AKA Cardiomyopathy

Answer 12

inflammation of the muscle layer of the heart’s wall

CC: direct invasion of pathogen or toxin or immunological

Question 13

What is Pericarditis

Answer 13

Inflammation of pericardium and epicardium

Pericardial effusion
* Fluid surrounding the heart

Cardiac tamponade
* Fluid accumulation begins to compress the heart

May occur post-MI
Dressler’s syndrome
* Specific form of pericarditis after MI

Question 14

Blood flow through the heart and body

Answer 14

Vena Cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Lungs
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valves
Aorta
Body tissues

1-6 is oxygenated to lungs

Question 15

What is Ischemic heart diseases

Answer 15

Two types

• Unstable angina : new episode or increased severity
  ‒ New regions of heart experiencing ischemia
• Myocardial infarction (MI)
  ‒ STEMI: ST segment elevation MI
  ‒ NSTEMI: Non-ST segment elevation MI

Question 16

Who is at risk for Ischemic heart disease

Answer 16

Cigarette smoking
diabetes mellitus
hypercholesterolemia
metabolic syndrome

Question 17

Symptoms of IHD

Answer 17

Chest pain brought on by exertion;
crushing sensation on left side of chest
pain radiating to shoulder, jaw, and down the arm

• Levine’s sign: clenched fist over sternum