Chapter 15: Arterial Diseases

Question 1

What is hyperlipemia

Answer 1

elevated lipids, mainly cholesterol and triglycerides in the bloodstream

Question 2

Who is at risk for hyperlipidemia

Answer 2

Age
African Americans
family hyperlipidemia
diabetes mellitus
sedentary lifestyle
obese
smoking

Question 3

symptoms for HL

Answer 3

NONE

Question 4

Clinical Presentations of HL

Answer 4

Xanthomas - deposits under the skin
XE- deposits around the eye
Arcus Senilis - yellow - white ring around the eyes

Question 5

What is hypertension

Answer 5

Elevated BP “ silent killer”

Question 6

Who is at risk

Answer 6

Same as HL and for whole chapter

Question 7

Symptoms of HTN

Answer 7

NONE

Question 8

Clinical Presentations for HTN

Answer 8

Some headaches
BP > 130/80
S4 sounds heard
arteriovenous nicking
flame hemorrhage

Question 9

What is Atherosclerosis

Answer 9

Plaque build up in the artery wall constricting blood flow

Question 10

Who is at risk

Answer 10

Same

Question 11

Symptoms for atherosclerosis

Answer 11

none until organ dysfunction

Question 12

Clinical Presentations for atherosclerosis

Answer 12

carotid, aortic and renal bruits in some
cotton spots , silver wiring

Question 13

what is PAD

Answer 13

Arteriosclerosis within the lower extremities that obstructs blood flow to the leg

Question 14

Who is at risk for PAD

Answer 14

Same but also cancer and hypercoagulation

Question 15

Symptoms for PAD

Answer 15

Intermittent claudication, especially with muscle activity

Pallor of leg
Paresthesia
Palpable coolness of leg

Question 16

Clinical Presentations for PAD

Answer 16

pain with activity and elevation
coolness bilaterally
paresthesia

Question 17

What is an aneurysm

Answer 17

weaking of the arterial wall that may also rupture

Question 18

Symptoms for aneurysm

Answer 18

Headache, seizure, or abrupt loss of consciousness occurs with rupture.

If an aneurysm places pressure on cranial nerve, then there will be cranial nerve dysfunction.

SHOCK

Question 19

Clinical presentations of aneurysm

Answer 19

cranial dysfunction
seizures

Question 20

What is aortic dissection

Answer 20

the spitting of the wall of aorta : gap fills with blood

Question 21

Symptoms of aortic dissection

Answer 21

sudden chest pain that radiates to the back

Question 22

Assessment findings of aortic dissection

Answer 22

sudden hypotension with LOC
tachycardia
Difference of 20 mm Hg BP over brachial arteries of two arms

Question 23

what is Raynaud’s disease

Answer 23

Vasospastic of the arterioles and arteries of the hands and feet ( blue and cold )

Question 24

Who’s at risk for Raynaud’s

Answer 24

Young women

Question 25

Symptoms of Raynauds

Answer 25

numbness and coolness of extremities

Question 26

Assessment findings for Raynaud’s

Answer 26

blanching
cyanosis of extremities

Question 27

what is Vasculitis

Answer 27

Inflammation and vasospastic condition of small and medium arteries

Question 28

Symptoms of vasculitis

Answer 28

Depends on artery affected
Fever

Question 29

Assessment findings for vasculitis

Answer 29

Coronary artery vasculitis can cause MI

cerebral artery can cause stroke and seizures

Vasculitis of the renal artery can cause renal failure

fingers and toes can cause ischemia and gangrene.