Chapter 17: Endocrine system

Question 1

A nurse documents that a 14 year old adolescent is manifesting the symptoms of syndrome inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. The nurse knows that diagnosis is confirmed when the following values are found:

Answer 1

Low serum osmolarity, high urine specific gravity, and high urine osmolarity

Question 2

The pediatrician diagnoses precocious puberty. The nurse knows that this is a condition that occurs with hyperfunction of what?

Answer 2

The pituitary gland

Question 3

Disease caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone

Answer 3

Diabetes insipidus

Question 4

The nurse is teaching an 11 year old girl and her parents how to administer growth hormone injections. The nurse knows that the following interventions will promote the best response to the therapy:

Answer 4

Daily rotation of injection sites, strict adherence and minimal doses missed, and follow-up appointments every 3 to 4 months to monitor growth progress and adjust doses

Question 5

Match condition w lab: Diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 5

Ketones in urine, pH 7.2, glucose 460

Question 6

This gland’s main function is to communicate the messages of the central autonomic nervous system to the organs/glands of the endocrine system

Answer 6

The hypothalamus

Question 7

s/s of ketoacidosis

Answer 7

pH below 7.35, fruity breath, tachypnea, and coma

Question 8

What causes hyperglycemia?

Answer 8

Stress, too much food, not enough insulin, and not enough exercise

Question 9

Match condition w lab:growth hormone deficiency

Answer 9

glucose below 70 mg/dl

Question 10

A condition in which there is an adrenal gland tumor

Answer 10

Pheochromocytoma

Question 11

A 12 year old boy is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The nurse explains to the patient’s parents that the symptoms of this disease include:

Answer 11

Unintended weight loss and excessive intake of water

Question 12

Match condition w lab: bacterial meningitis

Answer 12

CSF cloudy to milky or yellow

Question 13

A 9 year old boy has received a diagnosis of gigantism. The nurse explains to his parents that surgery is the curative treatment of choice in 80% of the cases, but in the remaining 20%, the drug choice is

Answer 13

pegvisomant (Somavert) and dopamine agonists (Bromocriptine)

Question 14

These organs produces several steroidal sex hormones

Answer 14

ovaries in women and testes in men

Question 15

The nurse working in a community clinic assesses a 2 year old patient who is short in stature, below 3rd percentile. The nurse’s initial action is to:

Answer 15

Determine rate of growth by reviewing the child’s growth charts

Question 16

A 10-year old boy is 2 days post op following the resection of a craniopharyngeoma. You are providing care and notice he is having enuresis, constantly drinking water, and having frequent urination. Based on the clinical manifestations, you suspect that he might be experiencing what conditions?

Answer 16

Diabetes insipidus

Question 17

The nurse explains to the parents of a patient with diabetes that type 2 diabetes mellitus is due to ____ in which the body fails to recognize and use it properly

Answer 17

Insulin resistance

Question 18

Match condition w lab:twitching, tremors, irritability

Answer 18

Hypocalcemia

Question 19

Match condition w lab: SIADH

Answer 19

Hyponatremia

Question 20

Glycosolated hemoglobin is an acceptable method used to:

Answer 20

assess the control of diabetes

Question 21

Autoimmune disease caused by an antibody that overstimulates the thyroid, causing an excess production of thyroid hormone

Answer 21

Graves disease

Question 22

Disease caused when excessive levels of antidiuretic hormones are produced

Answer 22

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

Question 23

Thyroid gland enlargement

Answer 23

Goiter

Question 24

Disease caused by large amounts of growth hormone that results in excessive growth of the long bones in a child

Answer 24

Gigantism

Question 25

Beta blockers are frequently used in clients who have uncontrolled Grave’s disease and exhibit clinical symptoms of thyroid storm. T/F

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Match condition w lab: Diabetes insipidus

Answer 26

hypernatremia (above 145mEq/L)

Question 27

The nurse knows that of the many types of insulin available to treat diabetes _____ insulin is usually for children who are picky eaters since it can be taken right after meals

Answer 27

Humolog/Novolog

Question 28

Condition caused by beta-cell destruction resulting in definite insulin dependency

Answer 28

type 1 diabetes mellitus

Question 29

s/s of hypothyroidism

Answer 29

puffy eyes, large fontanel, hypothermia, poor muscle tone

Question 30

Early sign of agranulocytosis

Answer 30

Fever and sore throat

Question 31

Match condition w lab: Jittery, diaphoretic irritable

Answer 31

glucose below 70mg/dl

Question 32

Match condition w lab: hypothyroidism

Answer 32

Low T3, T4

Question 33

The nurse caring for patients with endocrine disorders know that the most common cause of diabetes insipidus is what?

Answer 33

Surgical

Question 34

Match condition w lab: most accurate method for measuring diabetic control

Answer 34

Glycoslated hemoglobin (A1C)

Question 35

The nurse caring for a patient with gigantism knows that the focus of nursing care should be:

Answer 35

Prevention of complications, accurate assessment of growth, assessment of lab values, and administration of meds

Question 36

Condition caused by an underactive adrenal gland

Answer 36

Addison

Question 37

manifestations of hypoglycemia

Answer 37

nervous, irritable, shaky, hungry, dizzy, sweaty, tachycardia, blurry vision

Question 38

The student nurse studying the endocrine system knows that the pancreas, located in the abdomen, produces what?

Answer 38

insulin

Question 39

The nurse explains to the parents of a child with type 1 diabetes that there are several major components of treatment for their child including:

Answer 39

Diet, insulin and exercise

Question 40

What can cause hypoglycemia?

Answer 40

Not enough food, too much insulin, and too much exercise

Question 41

Match condition w lab:hyperglycemia

Answer 41

glucose above 160-180mg/dl

Question 42

The nurse caring for a patient with hypothyroidism explains to the parent that developmental hypothyroidism can cause irreversible mental deficits and growth retardation. The nurse states that the hormone produced by the thyroid that increases bone deposits of calcium is what?

Answer 42

calcitonin

Question 43

After reviewing a diagnostic work-up of a patient, the nurse notes that the lab results show an insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone. The nurse knows that this results is indicative of:

Answer 43

diabetes insipidus

Question 44

The nurse tells the student nurse that insulin must be given by ______

Answer 44

subcutaneous injection

Question 45

Exopthalmos may occur in children with what condition?

Answer 45

hyperthyroidism

Question 46

Match condition w lab: hyperthyroidism (graves disease)

Answer 46

Elevated T3, T4, Decreased TSH

Question 47

Match condition w lab: hypoglycemia

Answer 47

glucose below 70mg/dl