Chapter 17 Blood

Question 1

Whole blood contains…

Answer 1

Erythrocytes, RBC
Leukocytes, WBC
Platelets
Plasma

Question 2

Plasma consists of

Answer 2

Water
Electrolytes
Proteins (Albumin)
Nutrients
Respiratory Gases
Hormones

Question 3

Blood plasma functions

Answer 3

Transport nutrients, hormones, proteins, enzymes

Question 4

Erythrocyte function

Answer 4

Transporting respiratory gases

Question 5

Hemoglobin

Answer 5

Composed of pigment heme and protein globin. Can carry 4 molecules of oxygen

Question 6

Benefits of hemoglobin being contained in erythrocytes

Answer 6

1. Prevents hemoglobin from breaking into fragments that leak out of bloodstream
2. Prevents blood from being more viscous and raising osmotic pressure

Question 7

Chemical composition of hemoglobin

Answer 7

4 polypeptide chains, two alpha, two beta

Each chain bears a heme group with an iron atom in hte center

Question 8

Where are blood cells made?

Answer 8

Red bone marrow

Question 9

What hormone stimulates erythrocyte formation?

Answer 9

Erythropoietin

Question 10

Anemia

Answer 10

When the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity is too low to support a normal metabolism.
Caused by blood cells, underproduction of RBC, overkilling of RBC

Question 11

Polycythemia

Answer 11

Abnormal excess of erythrocytes that increases blood viscosity and causes blood to flow sluggishly

Question 12

Neutrophils

Answer 12

Multilobed nucleus, red and blue granules,

phagocytize bacteria

Question 13

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

Answer 13

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 14

Eosinophils

Answer 14

Bi-lobed nucleus, spiderman,

Kill parasitic worms, complex role in allergy and asthma

Question 15

Basophil

Answer 15

Dotty cytoplasm, rarest leukocyte,

Release histamine, contain heparine

Question 16

Lymphocyte

Answer 16

Big ass nucleus,

Mount immune response

Question 17

T Cells (T lymphocytes)

Answer 17

act directly against virus-infected skills

Question 18

B Cells (B lymphocyte)

Answer 18

produce antibodies

Question 19

Monocyte

Answer 19

Largest leukocytes, pac man,

Phagocytosis, develop into macrophages when they move into tissues

Question 20

3 Steps of Hemostasis

Answer 20

1. Vascular spasm - vasoconstriction
2. Platelet plug formation - platelet aggregate
3. Coagulation - Fibrin mesh forms and traps RBC, forms clot

Question 21

Intrinsic pathway

Answer 21

Factors for clotting are inside the blood.
Triggered by negatively charged surfaces like platelets, collagen, glass
Slower

Question 22

Extrinsic

Answer 22

Factors for clotting are outside of the blood
Triggered by exposing blood to factor III
Faster

Question 23

Fibrinolysis

Answer 23

process that removes unneeded blood clot

Question 24

What is used to restore blood volume?

Answer 24

Normal saline or Ringer’s solution

Question 25

Three transporting functions of blood

Answer 25

1. Delivering oxygen and nutrient
2. Transporting metabolic waste
3. Transporting hormones

Question 26

Three regulation functions of blood

Answer 26

1. Regulating body temperature
2. Regulating normal pH
3. Maintaining proper blood volume in circulatory system

Question 27

Two protective functions of blood

Answer 27

1. Preventing blood loss

2. Preventing infection