Ch 19

Question 1

Tunica externa

Answer 1

collagen fibers protect and reinforce vessel and anchor, innervated

Question 2

Tunica media

Answer 2

Smooth muscle and elastic fibers, vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Maintains bp and circulation

Question 3

Tunica intima

Answer 3

Endothelium, lines lumen of all vessels, slick surface to reduce friction of blood

Question 4

Vasocontriction

Answer 4

Lumen diameter decr. as smooth muscle contracts

Question 5

Vasodilation

Answer 5

Lumen diameter incr. as smooth muscle relaxes

Question 6

Elastic arteries

Answer 6

Near heart, thick walled, largest arteries, low resistance, pressure resevoirs

Question 7

Muscular arteries

Answer 7

Deliver blood to specific organs, thickest tunica media, active in vasocontriction

Question 8

Arterioles

Answer 8

smallest artery, control blood flow into capillary club

Question 9

Capillary bed

Answer 9

microcirculation

Question 10

Veins

Answer 10

Carry blood towards heart, think walls and large lumens, accommodate large blood volume

Question 11

Vascular anastomoses

Answer 11

Alternative pathways for blood of usual is blocked.

Question 12

Blood flow

Answer 12

Volume of blood flowing though a vessel/organ/circulation in a given period, in ml/min

Question 13

Blood pressure

Answer 13

force per unit area exerted on a vessel by the contained blood in mm Hg

Question 14

Resistance

Answer 14

Opposition to flow, and a measurement of the friction blood encounters in vessels.

Question 15

Vasomotor center

Answer 15

Controls diameter of blood vessels

Question 16

Baroreceptors

Answer 16

Decrease bp via vasodilation and decr. cardiac output

Question 17

Chemoreceptors

Answer 17

raise bp via vacoconstriction

Question 18

Hormones that raise bp

Answer 18

Epinephrine & norepinephrine
Angiotensin II
Antidiruetic hormone (ADH)
Aldosterone

Question 19

hormones that lower bp

Answer 19

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 20

Autoregulation

Answer 20

local conditions regulate blood flow intrinsically by modifying diameter of arterioles feeding individual organs

Question 21

Capillary exchange

Answer 21

Co2 and metabolic waste leave cells and diffuse into the capillary blood

Question 22

Bulk flow

Answer 22

Fluid is forced out of capillaries through the clefts at te arterial end of the bed.
Important in determining relative fluid volume in bloodstream and interstitial space.

Question 23

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 23

Heart to lungs to heart. Reoxygenates blood in lungs.

Question 24

Systemic circulation

Answer 24

Routes blood though all body parts and back to the heart

Question 25

Hepatic portal system

Answer 25

Carries nutrient rich blood from digestive organs to liver, where it is “treated” before being transported to rest of body.
Hepatocytes process nutrients and toxins
Phagocytes rid the blood of bacteria and foreign matter