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Chemistry 2 > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

______ have an -OH group bonded to the carbonyl C atom.

A

Carboxylic acids

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2
Q

_____ have an -OR group bonded to the carbonyl C atom.

A

Esters

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3
Q

________ have a -NH2, -NHR, or -NR2 group bonded to the carbonyl C atom

A

Amides

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4
Q

Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are all ______.

A

polar

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5
Q

Carboxylic acids and ____ hydrogen bond.

A

amides

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6
Q

Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points that the comparable _______.

A

Alkanes

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7
Q

Carboxylic acids and their derivatives undergo __________________ reactions, in which the group bonded to the carbonyl C atom is replaced.

A

Carbonyl-group substitution reactions

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8
Q

Carboxylic acids behave as _______ acids.

A

weak

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9
Q

Carboxylic acids surrender the ________ of the carboxyl group to bases.

A

hydrogen

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10
Q

COOH is indicative of what group?

A

Carboxyl group

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11
Q

What occurs when carboxylic acids surrender the hydrogen of the carboxyl group to bases in an aqueous solution?

A

They establish acid-base equilibria in aqueous solutions.

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12
Q

Like _______, carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonds with each other.

A

Alcohols

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13
Q

Most carboxylic acids are _______ at room temperature.

A

liquid

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14
Q

Carboxylic acids pair up by hydrogen bonding, an example of this is _______ acid.

A

Formic

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15
Q

Acids with saturated straight-chain R groups of up to 9 C’s are volatile liquids with ______, ______ odors.

A

strong, sharp

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16
Q

Acids with larger saturated R groups are _____, _____ solids

A

waxy, odorless

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17
Q

Carboxylic acids are named in the IUPAC system by replacing the final -e of the alkane name with -_____ ____.

A

-oic acid

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18
Q

If other functional groups are present in a carboxylic acid, the chain is numbered beginning at the -______ end.

A

-COOH

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19
Q

Common names of many carboxylic acids are used far more often than their IUPAC names, because they were the first organic compounds to be _______ and _______.

A

isolated and purified

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20
Q

In ______, as in all common amino acids, the -NH2 group is on the alpha carbon atom next to -COOH.

A

Alanine

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21
Q

When using common names, the carbon atoms attached to the -COOH group are identified by _______ rather than numbers.

A

greek letters

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22
Q

_______ acids, which contain two -COOH groups, are named systematically by adding the ending -dioic acid to the alkane name.

A

Dicarboxylic acids

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23
Q

_______ acids are named systematically in the IUPAC system with the ending -enoic.

A

Unsaturated acids

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24
Q

The acyl group that remains when a carboxylic acid loses its -OH is named by replacing the -ic at the end of the name with -___.

A

-oyl

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25
Q

An exception is the ____ group from acetic acid, which is traditionally called an acetyl group.

A

Acyl

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26
Q

HCOOH represents what carboxylic acid?

A

Formic acid

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27
Q

CH3COOH represents what carboxylic acid?

A

Acetic

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28
Q

CH2CH2COOH represents what carboxylic acid?

A

Propionic

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29
Q

CH3CH2CH2COOH represents what carboxylic acid?

A

Butyric

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30
Q

A benzene with a COOH attached is what carboxylic acid?

A

Benzoic

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31
Q

A benzene with a COOH group and an OH group attached is known as what?

A

Salicylic

32
Q

When the -OH of the carboxyl group is converted to the -OR of an ester group, the ability of the molecules to hydrogen bond with each other is _____.

A

Lost

33
Q

______ _____ are lower boiling from the acids from which they are derived.

A

Simple esters

34
Q

_____ are colorless, volatile liquids with pleasant odors, and many of them contribute to the natural fragrance of flowers and ripe fruits.

A

Esters

35
Q

_____ ______ is used as a food flavoring to give the taste of pineapples.

A

Ethyl Butyrate

36
Q

Unsubstituted amides can form _ strong hydrogen bonds to other amide molecules.

A

3

37
Q

______ _______ are higher melting and boiling from the acids in which they are derived.

A

Unsubstituted amides

38
Q

Low molecular weight unsubstituted amides are solids that are soluble in both ____ and _____ solvents.

A

water, organic

39
Q

This simplest amide is the exception to the low molecular weight unsubstituted amides being solids that are soluble in both water and organic solvents.

A

Formamide

40
Q

Formamide takes what physical form?

A

Liquid

41
Q

Monosubstituted amides can also from hydrogen bonds to each other but _____ cannot do so

A

disubstituted

42
Q

Which have higher boiling points, monosubstituted or disubstituted amides?

A

Monosubstituted

43
Q

The nitrogen atom is bonded to a carbonyl group carbon in an amide, but not in a ____.

A

amine

44
Q

The positive end of the carbonyl group attracts the unshared pair of electrons on nitrogen strong enough to prevent it from …..?

A

It can prevent it from acting as a base by accepting a hydrogen atom

45
Q

_____ are not basic like amines.

A

amides

46
Q

What chemical is present in the sting of ants?

A

Formic acid

47
Q

______ acid, (CH3COOH) in an aqueous solution is known as vinegar.

A

Acetic

48
Q

What acid was first isolated from the skin of goats- which has a distinct smell?

A

Caproic acid

49
Q

What acid is responsible for the odor of rancid butter?

A

Butyric acid

50
Q

What acid is present in citrus fruits and blood?

A

Citric acid

51
Q

Carboxylic acids are weak acids that establish equilibria in aqueous solution with ________ ions.

A

Carboxylate

52
Q

Ester formation I known as ________.

A

Esterification

53
Q

Esterification is carried out by warming a ______ with an ______ in the presence of a strong-acid catalyst.

A

Carboxylic acid,

Alcohol

54
Q

Are esterification reactions reversible?

A

yes

55
Q

Ester formation is favored by either using a large excess of the ______ or continuously removing one of the products.

A

Alcohol

56
Q

Unsubstituted amides are formed by the reaction of _______ with ______.

A

Carboxylic acids and ammonia

57
Q

Substituted amides are produced in reactions between _______ or _____ amines and carboxylic acids.

A

Primary, secondary

58
Q

_____ is a white, crystalline solid. It is an ester formed between acetic acid and the -OH group of salicylic acid.

A

Aspirin

59
Q

What is the chemical name for aspirin?

A

Acetylsalicylic acid

60
Q

What group is aspirin in?

A

Ester

61
Q

Tylenol is an amide that also contains a _____ group.

A

Hydroxyl

62
Q

Tylenol is an _____.

A

Amide

63
Q

Unlike aspirin, Tylenol is not an __________ agent.

A

Anti-inflammatory

64
Q

Aspirin and Tylenol both can reduce _____.

A

fever

65
Q

What is the major advantage of acetaminophen over aspirin?

A

Acetaminophen does not induce internal bleeding

66
Q

What is the name of a local anesthetic used in many over the counter topical preparations for such conditions as cold sores, poison ivy, and hemorrhoids?

A

benzocaine

67
Q

How does benzocaine work?

A

By blocking the transmission of impulses by the sensory nerves

68
Q

Why is lidocaine injected rather than benzocaine?

A

Benzocaine is less soluble

69
Q

What is the reverse process of esterification?

A

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis

70
Q

If an ester is treated with water in the presence of a strong acid, what takes place?

A

Hydrolysis

71
Q

How does hydrolysis work in reversing esterification?

A

The excess of water pushes the equilibrium to the right

72
Q

Ester hydrolysis by reaction with a base such as NaOH or KOH is known as _______.

A

saponification

73
Q

The product of saponification is a _______ anion.

A

carboxylate

74
Q

Amides are extremely _____ in water, but undergo hydrolysis with heating in the presence of acids or bases.

A

Stable

75
Q

Under acidic conditions, the _____ acid and _____ salt are obtained, using base produces the neutral amine and carboxylate ion.

A

Carboxylic acid and amine salt

76
Q

A sign of acid hydrolysis is a ____ charge.

A

Positive

Chemistry 2 (4 decks)

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