Chapter 17 Flashcards
What is the def of tolerance?
is a need to increase the dose as the body accommodates to the substance
What is the def of withdrawl?
describes the physiological symptoms that can accompany reduced use of the substance or the gradual decrease in the substance in the body as it is eliminated
What is the diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorder?
Alcohol taken in larger amounts of over a longer period than the person had intended, and efforts to control its use are unsuccessful
- Time is spent obtaining, using, and recovering from alcohol use
- The individual experiences both cravings and difficulty with work, home, or school function
- Other important activities (e.g. leisure) are given up and use is continued in hazardous situations (e.g. driving)
- Use is continued even when the individual knows she or he has a problem
What is the treatment for alcohol use disorder?
- No one treatment works best for everyone, but there is an array of choices that can be effective
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Group therapy
- 12-step programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
What is the diagnostic criteria for alcohol intoxication?
- Behavioral and psychological changes
- Slurred speech
- Incoordination
- Unsteady gait
- Nystagmus-> involuntary eye movements
- Impairment of attention or memory
- In very high intake situations- coma or death
What is the diagnostic criteria for alcohol withdrawl?
- Autonomic hyperactivity
- Hand tremor
- Insomnia
- Nausea or vomiting
- Hallucinations
- Psychomotor agitation, anxiety
- Seizures and sometimes death
- Long-term users may also experience delirium tremors
- Seizures, hallucinations, severe tremors
What is the diagnostic criteria for opioids?
Problematic pattern of use with significant impairment or distress, with at least two of the following:
- Taken in larger amounts or over a longer time than intended
- Desire or unsuccessful efforts to control use
- Significant time spent obtaining, using, or recovering from use
- Craving or urge to use
- Recurrent use interferes with major role obligations
- Recurrent use leads to social or personal problems
- Important activities given up because of use
- Use in situations that are physically hazardous (e.g. driving)
- Use continues despite knowledge of problem
- Tolerance
- Withdrawal- hallucinations, anorexia, depression, insomnia, vomiting
What is the etiology of opioids use?
- May begin with legitimate use for pain control
- Only a very small proportion of individuals who use opioids transition to non-medical prescription use
What are risk factors for opioid use?
Depression and anxiety
What is the prognosis for opioids?
- Poor outcomes as long as 20 years after initial diagnosis.
- Significant tolerance effects fairly rapidly, and withdrawal symptoms are severe and unpleasant, leading to continued drug seeking
- RESPIRATORY SUPPRESSION W/ OVERDOSE interaction with other medications, transmission of infectious diseases
- Worst with other psychosis
What are OT implications for substance abuse disorders in general?
- Need to refocus patterns/habits to more functional occupations
- Address time use, support alternative leisure patterns
- Address work-related issues that may arise due to substance use
- Stress management
- Social skills training
- Family therapy
- Incorporate CBT concept in treatment
- Encourage physical activity
- Encourage spiritually-focused activities
- Enhance skills to provide sense of hope and accomplishment, in disadvantaged populations
What does CAGE stand for?
- C: Has anyone ever felt you should Cut down on your drinking?
- A: Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
- G: Have you ever felt Guilty about your drinking?
- E: Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning (Eye-opener) to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover?
