chapter 17

Question 1

Ischemic stroke

Answer 1

caused by an interruption of blood flow in a cerebral vessel (most common).
Manifestations: ischemia, trouble walking, dizziness, numbness in face or body on one side, headache, trouble seeing, confusion, loss of balance
Rehab potential: restoring brain perfusion in a time that doesn’t contribute to re-perfusion injury. lower cerebral metabolic demand.

Question 2

Transient ischemic attacks

Answer 2

temporary obstruction of brain blood flow causing episodes of neurologic dysfunction(<1 hour), clumped platelets or vessel narrowing
Manifestation: weakness, numbness, sudden confusion and loss of balance

Question 3

Hemorrhagic strokes

Answer 3

caused by bleeding into brain tissue usually from a blood vessel rupture caused by: hypertension, aneurysms, ateriovenous malformations, head injury
Manifestations: sudden onset, focal, usually one-sided, unilateral numbness, vision loss, language disturbances, sudden unexplained imbalance
high mortality rate

Question 4

Migraine

Answer 4

episodic disorder characterized by a headache lasting 4 to 72 hours, usually women 25-55 years old, caused by combination of multiple genetic and environmental factors

Question 5

Cluster headaches

Answer 5

occur in clusters up to 8 times a day lastingg minutes ti periods of days followed by a long period of remission, usually men between 20-50 years old.
on the same side of the body which can alternate with can alternate with each headache, severe stabbing throbbing pain around the eye

Question 6

tension headache

Answer 6

most common, average onset of 20-30 years of age, mild to moderate bilateral headache with a sensation of a tight band or pressure around the head, occurs in episodes

Question 7

describe infectious processes that occur int the central nervous system

Answer 7

neurologic infections can produce diseases through routes such as direct invasion, mass lesion formation, and tissue inflammation

Question 8

meningitis

Answer 8

inflammation of the meninges(dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater)

Question 9

Bacterial meningitis

Answer 9

pathogen crosses blood-brain barrier, replicate and induces inflammatory response, ^ capillary permeability causing leakage of fluids into interstitial spaces, edema and ^ ICP, decreased cerebral perfusion

Question 10

Encephalitis

Answer 10

local necrotizing hemorrhage, which becomes generalized -prominent edema -progressive degeneration of nerve cell bodies

Question 11

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 11

myelin is destroyed leaving multiple areas of scare tissue or sclerosis, leading to impaired communication between nerve cells, and permanent loss of function
Manifestation: numbness or weakness in one or more limbs, electric shock sensations that occur with certain neck movements, tremor lack of coordination or unsteady gait

Question 12

Guillan-barre syndrome

Answer 12

autoimmune disease triggered by a bacterial or viral infection
Manifestations: bilateral ascending from hand or feet, paresthesia, muscle weakness and flaccid paralysis, absent reflexes

Question 13

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 13

degeneration of upper and lower neurons, resulting in paralysis