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Urine > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Most heart failure is caused by

A

Hypertension

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2
Q

Other causes of heart failure

A 
Myocardial infarction 
coronary artery disease substance-abuse 
heart valve disease 
congenital defects cardiac 
infections 
inflammation
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3
Q

Signs and symptoms

Olguria decreased urine output in day
Weak pulse
Fatigue
Weak
Angina
Paleness
Coll extremities
A

LEFT SIDE HEART FAILURE

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4
Q

Stretching of the muscle cause my blood filling. The left ventricle

A

Preloaded

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5
Q

Pressure in the aorta that the left ventricle must overcome before blood to move into the aKeta

A

After load

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6
Q

Average systolic blood pressure in the large artery

Including the aorta

A

MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE

MAP

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7
Q

Average map range

A

70-100

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8
Q

The map is too low

A

And organs will not receive enough blood to ensure oxygenation

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9
Q

What happens my map is too high

A

The left ventricle has to work harder to move the blood

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10
Q

Result is congestion of the logs decreased lung function and difficulty breathing

A

Blood in the left side of heart

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11
Q 
Signs and symptoms of 
jugular distention 
enlarged liver and spleen 
anorexia and nausea 
distended abdomen 
 swollen hands and fingers 
increase urine output
 weight gain
A

Right by heart failure

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12
Q

The body has ways to compensate for heart failure.
In response to tissue hypoxia the sympathetic nervous system is stimulating and the hormones ——- and Nero epinephrine are released

A

epinephrine

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13
Q

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation also causes what

A

Arterial vasoconstriction

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14
Q

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation also called arterial vasoconstriction which release epinephrine which helps maintain the blood pressure and improve blood flow to the tissues

A

Compensation mechanism for heart failure

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15
Q

Treating the cause of heart failure
Controlling factor is because it’s the worsted
Treating it’s symptoms

A

Treatment for heart failure

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16
Q

pril medication

A

ACE inhibitors

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17
Q

First drug prescribed to treat heart failure

A

ACE INHIBITORS

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18
Q

______pril

A

ACE INHIBITORS for heart failure

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19
Q

Blocks the effects of epinephrine on the heart

They decrease the heart rate and force of heart contractions which results in a decrease in blood pressure

A

BETA BLOCKERS

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20
Q

Only the sub stain removal form of______ is used to treat heart failure

A

Metoprolol

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21
Q

______lol

A

Betta blockers for heart failure

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22
Q

Act directly on the peripheral arteries to cause them to dilate

Usually given to patients who cannot take ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blocker’s

A

Vasodilator

23
Q

The vasodilator that is most commonly prescribed for heart failure is

A

Hydralazine

24
Q

HydrALAZINE

isosorbide dinitrate

Nitroglycerin

A

Vasodilator

25
Q

Signs and symptoms of vasodilators

A

Tachycardia headache hypernatremia dizziness hypotension

26
Q

Common side effects of hydralazine

A

Tachycardia and salt retention

27
Q

Promise side effects of nitroglycerin and Isosorbide

A

Hypertension headache dizziness and tachycardia allergic reaction include skin rash especially on the face

28
Q

Adverse effects

Is shock with overdose Neutropenia is a acute disease marked by high fever and sharp drop in circulation of white blood cell

A

Hydralazine

29
Q

Adverse affect

Circulatory collapse and Sharp may occur with overdose

A

Nitroglycerin and isosorbide

30
Q

When are you supposed to remove the nitroglycerin patch

A

During long periods of sleep

31
Q

Monitor intake and output
Check patient’s feet and ankles were swelling
Listen for crackles in the lungs
Ask about headache or dizziness

A

What to do after giving vasodilators

32
Q

Class of drugs that improve heart failure by slowing down a heart rate that is too fast allowing more time left ventricle it’s a fill

Used for maintenance therapy with heart failure

A

Cardiac glucoside

Same as digoxin

33
Q

Contractibility is increased
Cardiac output is increased
Heart rate is decreasing

A

Digoxin

Same as cardiac glucoside

34
Q

Signs and symptoms
Heart rhythm disturbances
Anorexia loss of appetite bradycardia

A

Digoxin

35
Q

Adverse effect

Loss of appetite diarrhea or vision problems

A

Digoxin

Same as cardiac glycosides

36
Q

Overdose

Loss of appetite nausea vomiting and vision problems

A

Digoxin

37
Q

Amiloride

Spironlacton

Triamterene

A

Potassium sparing diuretic

38
Q

Increase water elimination and blood vessel dilation helpful when treating a patient with heart failure

Given by the IV route and helps the body get rid of extra salt and water result lowering blood pressure

Patient is less short of breath and has less Edema

A

Human btype naturetic pedtides

39
Q

Nesiritide

A

Natriueric peptides

40
Q

Adverse effect

Apnea

A

Nesiritide

41
Q

What to do before giving nesiritide

A

Monitor the heart rate blood pressure and respiratory rate

Remember the apnea is a life-threatening ever is the fact of this drug

42
Q

Makes the heart muscle contract more forcefully
They also relax blood vessels so blood can flow better

Given by IV to stimulate stronger heart contractions and keep blood circulating

A

Positive Inotropes

43
Q

Inamrinone

DOBUTamine

DOPamine

Milrinone

A

Positive inotropes

44
Q

Inamrinone and milrinone

Positive inotropes cause

A

Hypotension

45
Q

And important electrolyte that is essential for the Healthy nervous system and a regular heart rhythm

A

Potassium

46
Q

Major mineral that is the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body it helps with the heart rhythm and keep it steady

A

Magnesium

47
Q

Potassium and magnesium side effects

A

Nausea vomiting diarrhea gas abdominal discomfort

48
Q

Adverse effects

High potassium or magnesium levels can cause life-threatening ECG changes________wave and _______ heart rhythms

A

Peak T wave

Abnormal heart rhythm

49
Q

Sources of potassium

A 
Baked potato 
Tuna
Spinach
Sweet potato
Tomato juice
50
Q

Source of magnesium

A 
Any type of nuts
Bran cereal
Pumpkin and squash seeds
Spinach
Whole-grain rice
51
Q

If a potassium or magnesium supplement have been missed how soon should I take it

A

Within two hours never double doubles

52
Q

When should you take potassium and magnesium supplements

A

With food or right after meals with a full glass of water or juice

53
Q

What is the antidote for magnesium

What can you take to save you from an overdose

A

Calcium glucinity

Urine (5 decks)

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