Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APUSH > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

To understand the Industrial Supremacy that the U.S. underwent in the 19th century.

1
Q

Most important technological developement in a nation who hevaliy depended on railroads and urban contruction.

A

Iron and Steel production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An Englishman and an American who developed a process for converting iron into much more durable and versatille steel.

A

Henry Bessemer and William Kelly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Consisited of blowing air through molten iron to burn out the impurities.

A

The Bessemer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The discovery of a man who found that ingredients could be added to the iron during conversion to transform it into steel.

A

Robert Mushet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A New Jersey ironmaster who introduced another method of making steel called the open-hearth process.

A

Abram S. Hewitt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where did the steel industry first emerge in?

A

Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Another word for hard coal.

A

Anthracite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What city became the center of the steel world?

A

Pittsburgh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What were mostly made of stones and usually built against the side of a hill to reduce construction demands?

A

Steel furnaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How was steel production possible in the Great Lakes region?

A

The availability of steam freighters capable of carrying ore on the lakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Could carry 1,200 tons of ore.

A

R.J. Hackett

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did shippers use to speed the unloading of ore?

A

Steam engines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Were both markets for and transporters of manufactured steel.

A

Railroads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Literally created the Pennsylvania Steel Company.

A

Pennsylvania Railroad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Steel industry’s need for lubrication for its machines helped create another important industry.

A

Oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Established the first oil well near Titusville, Pennsylvania.

A

Edwin L. Lake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Brought the attention of the use of petroleum to the people.

A

George Bissell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Result of an extraction process developed in the late 19th century in the U.S. by which lubricating oil and fuel oil were removed separately from crude oil.

A

Gasoline (or petrol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Used the expanding power of burning gas to drive pistons.

A

Internal combustion engine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A German who created a gas-powered “four stroke” engine in the mid-1860s, which was a precursor to automobile engines.

A

Nicolaus August Otto

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

They buil the first gasoline driven motor vechile in America in 1903.

A

Charles and Frank Duryea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Produced the first of the famous cars that would bear his name.

A

Henry Ford

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

They constructed a glider that could be propelled through the air by an internal combustion engine.

A

Wilbur and Orville Wright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Place of the Wright Brothers first test flight.

A

Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Famous solo flight from New York to Paris electrified the nation and the world and helped make aviation a national obsession.

A

Charles Lidenbergh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Coincided with a decline in government support for research.

A

Corporate Research and Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A growing connection between university based research and the needs of the industrial economy.

A

Transformation of Higher Education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Brought forth the principle that was known as “scientific management” and “Taylorism”.

A

Frederick Winslow Taylor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A way to increase the employers control of the workplace, to make working less independent.

A

Taylorism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cut the time for assembling a chassis from 12 and 1/2 hours to 1 and 1/2 hours

A

Moving Assembly Line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Enabled Ford ro raise the wages and reduce the hours of his workers while cutting the base price of his Model T from $950 in 1914 to $290 in 1929.

A

Moving Assembly Line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Principal form of transportation and gave industrialists access to distant markets and sources of raw materials.

A

Railroads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What emerged from railroads because of difference in time zones?

A

“Standard time”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Emerged after the Civil War, when railroad magnates and other industrialiats realized that no single person or group of limited partners, no matter how wealthy, could finance their great ventures.

A

The Corporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Business organizations could raise money by selling stock to members of the public.

A

Laws of incorporation

36
Q

They risked only the amount invetsed and not liable for any debts the corporation might accumalte beyond that.

A

Limited liability

37
Q

Central figure of the steel corporation.

A

Andrew Carnegie

38
Q

An associate who bought up coal mines and leased a part of the Mesabi iron range in Minnesota, operated a fleet of ore ships on the Great Lakes, and acquired railroads.

A

Henry Clay Frick

39
Q

A banker who created the giant U.S. Steel Corporation

A

J. Pierpoint Morgan

40
Q

Created a relatively small Chicago meatpacking company into a great national corporation.

A

Gustavus Swift

41
Q

Patented a sewing machine in 1851 and created I.M. Singer and Company.

A

Isaac Singer

42
Q

The genesis of modern business administration, that relied on the division of responsibilities, a carefully designed hierarchy of control, modern cost-accounting procedures, and perhaps a new breed of business executive.

A

Managerial techniques

43
Q

Formed a layer of command between workers and owners.

A

“middle manager”

44
Q

The combining of a number of firms engaged in the same enterprise into a single corporation.

A

“Horizontal intergration”

45
Q

The taking over of all the different businesses on which a company relied for its primary function.

A

“Vertical intergartion

46
Q

Known for his celebrated corporate empire of Standard Oil.

A

John D. Rockerfeller

47
Q

Served as the leading symbol of monopoly.

A

John D. Rockerfeller

48
Q

Informal agreements among various companies to stabilize rates and divide markets (in later yrs known as cartels).

A

Pool arrangements

49
Q

“Cut throat competition”.

A

Consolidation

50
Q

pioneered by Standard Oil and perfected by the banker J.P. Morgan.

A

“Trust”

51
Q

Stockholders in individual corporations transferred their stocks to a small group of trustees in exchange for shares.

A

“Trust”

52
Q

A central corpoarate body that would buy up the stock of various members of the Standard Oil trust and establish direct, formal onwership of the corporations in the trust.

A

“Holding company”

53
Q

Men who had begun their careers from positions of wealth and privilege.

A

The “Self-Made Man”

54
Q

In human society only the fittest individuals survived and flourished in the marketplace.

A

Social Darwinism

55
Q

Said that society benefited from the elimination of the unfit and the survival of the strong and talented.

A

Herbet Spencer

56
Q

“The growth of a large business is merely the survival of the fittest”

A

John D. Rockefeller

57
Q

How was the economic system handled like a great and delicate machine functioning by natural and automatic rules?

A

“Invisible hand” of market forces

58
Q

Determined all economic values-prices, wages, rents, interest rates at a level that was just to all concerned.

A

Law of supply and demand

59
Q

People of great wealth had not only great power but great responsibility.

A

The Gospel of Wealth

60
Q

Wrote in the Gospel of Wealth that the wealthy should consider all revenues in excess of their own needs as “trust funds” to be used for the good of the community.

A

Andrew Carnegie

61
Q

Became a prominent spokesmen of private wealth by delivering one lecture called the “Acres of Diamond”.

A

Russel Conwell

62
Q

Originally a minister in a small town in Massachusetts but was driven from his pulpit as a result of a sex scandal.

A

Horatio Alger

63
Q

Argued that civilization was not governed by natuarl selection but by human intelligence.

A

Lester Frank Ward

64
Q

Led the Socialist Labor Party.

A

Daniel De Leon

65
Q

Tried to explain why poverty exsisted admist the wealth created by the modern industry.

A

Henry George

66
Q

Author of Progress and Poverty.

A

Henry George

67
Q

The rising of land values due to growth of the society around the land.

A

“Unearned increment”

68
Q

Whose Utopian novel Looking Backward, sold over a million copies.

A

Edward Bellamy

69
Q

Would destroy monopolies, distribute wealth more eaqually and eliminate poverty

A

“Single tax”

70
Q

Bellamy labeled the vision in his novel this.

A

Nationalism

71
Q

Control of the market by large corporate combinations.

A

Monopoly

72
Q

Permitted industrial employers to pay for the passage of workers in advance and deduct the amount later from their wages.

A

Labor Contract Law

73
Q

What new groups introduced heightened ethnic tensions?

A

Greek and Italian

74
Q

A polyglot association, claiming 640,000 members, that included a variety of reform groups having little direct relationship with labor.

A

National Labor Union

75
Q

A militant labor organization in the anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania

A

Molly Maguires

76
Q

Strikers disputed rail service from Baltimore to St. Louis, destroyed equipment, and rioted in the streets of Pittsburgh and other cities.

A

The Great Railroad Strike

77
Q

Illustrated how disputes between workers and employers could no longer be localized in the increasingly national economy.

A

The Great Railroad Strike

78
Q

Major effort to create a genuinely national labor organization.

A

The Knights of Labor

79
Q

Led the Knights of Labor.

A

Uriah S. Stephens

80
Q

term that included all workers and most business and professional people.

A

“toiled”

81
Q

Ran the woman’s Bureau of the Knights.

A

Leonora Barry

82
Q

In which workers would themselves control a large part of the economy.

A

Cooperative System

83
Q

Rejecting the Knights idea of one big union for everybody, the Federation was an association of essentially autonomous craft unions and represented mainly skilled workers.

A

American Federation of Labor

84
Q

Was a symbol of social chaos and radicalism.

A

Haymarket Sqaure

85
Q

Terroism and violence.

A

Anarchism

APUSH (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions