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APUSH > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

To understand the Conquest of the Far West.

1
Q

The region beyond the Mississippi River into which millions of Anglo Americans moved in the years after the civil war.

A

Far West (Great West)

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2
Q

At the top were the Spanish or Mexicans, who owned the largest estates and controlled the trading centers at Santa Fe. The Pueblos, subordinate but still largely free, were below them. Apaches, Navajos, & others were at the bottom.

A

Caste System

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3
Q

Reflected the preoccupation of the society of the Spanish Empire in America with racial ancestry.

A

Caste System

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4
Q

Some captured in war and enslaved for a fixed time, others who voluntarily left their own tribes.

A

Genizaros

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5
Q

People of mixed race

A

Mestizos

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6
Q

A diverse group of tribes and language groups.

A

Plains Indians

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7
Q

Their cultures were based on close and extended family networks and on an intimate relationship with nature.

A

Plains Indians

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8
Q

Principal source of food, & it’s skin supplied materials for clothing, shoes, tepees, blankets, robes, & utensils.

A

Buffalo

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9
Q

Dried manure- provided fuel

A

“Buffalo Chips”

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10
Q

Resulted in the death of the new governor and other Anglo American officials being subdued by the U.S. Army forces.

A

Taos Indian Rebellion

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11
Q

Circles of local business people and ambitious politicians with access to federal money who worked together to make the territorial government mutually profitable

A

“Territorial Rings”

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12
Q

Indentured servants whose conditions was close to slavery.

A

“Coolies”

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13
Q

White opinion of the Chinese who were so industrious and successful that they were considered rivals.

A

Racism

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14
Q

Excluded Chinese and Mexicans from gold mining.

A

“Foreign Miners” tax

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15
Q

Responsible for construction of the western part of the new road.

A

Chinese

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16
Q

Large communities of Chinese throughout the West.

A

“Chinatowns”

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17
Q

Largest single Chinese community.

A

San Francisco

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18
Q

Prominent merchants who worked together to advance their interests in the city and state.

A

Six Companies

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19
Q

Established their own small businesses, especially laundry.

A

Chinese

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20
Q

Sought a ban on employing Chinese and organized boycotts of products made with Chinese labor.

A

Anti-Coolie Clubs

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21
Q

Created in 1878 by Denis Kearney, an Irish immigrant, who gained support in part of his hostility towards the Chinese.

A

Workingmen’s Party of California

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22
Q

A critic of capitalism and a champion of the rights of labor, described the Chinese as products of a civilization that had failed to progress.

A

Henry George

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23
Q

Banned Chinese immigration into the U.S. for 10 years and barred Chinese already in the country from becoming naturalized citizens.

A

Chinese Exclusion Act

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24
Q

permitted settlers to buy plots of 160 acres for a small fee if they occupied the land they purchased for 5 years and improved it.

A

Homestead Act

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25
Q

Would give a free farm to any American who needed one. Would be a form of government relief to people who otherwise might have no prospects. And would help create new markets and new outposts of commercial agriculture for the nation’s growing economy.

A

Homestead Act

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26
Q

Permitted homesteaders to recieve grants of 160 additional acres if they planted 40 acres of trees on them.

A

The Timber Culture Act (1873)

27
Q

Provided that claimants could buy 640 acres at $1.25 an acre provided they irrigated part of their holdings within 3 years.

A

The Desert Land Act (1877)

28
Q

Presumably applied to nonarable land, authorized sales at $2.50 an acre.

A

The Timber and Stone Act (1878)

29
Q

The beliefs that Americans had on the West as a land of limitless opportunity, but, as in the rest of the country, advancement was easiest and most rapid for those who were economically advantaged to begin with.

A

Limited Social Mobility

30
Q

People of different races working along one another; like whites (occupying upper tiers), African Americans, Chinese, Filipinos, Mexicans, and Indians (and the rest the bottom tier).

A

Racially Stratified Working Class

31
Q

Where silver was first found.

A

Nevada

32
Q

Gold was discovered in this Pike’s Peak district.

A

Colorado

33
Q

Was launched by William Clark in 1881 and marked the beginning of an industry that would remain important to Montana for decades.

A

The Great Anaconda Copper Mine

34
Q

Had a speculative spirit, a mood of heady optimism.

A

Boomtown Life

35
Q

Miners who did become enormously wealthy off a strike.

A

“Bonanza Kings”

36
Q

Where cattle raisers could graze their herds free of charge and unrestricted by the boundaries of private farms.

A

Cattle Kingdom

37
Q

The route that cattelemen drove their cattle to between 1867 and 1871.

A

Chisholm Trail

38
Q

Stray cows with no identifying symbols.

A

“Mavericks”

39
Q

Most romanticized and mythologized aspect of life in the West.

A

Long Drive

40
Q

A disease transmitted to cattle by parasite-carrying-ticks.

A

“Texas Fever”

41
Q

Another term for farmers.

A

“Nesters”

42
Q

Between sheepmen and cattlemen, between ranchers and farmers.

A

“Range Wars”

43
Q

Displaced the trail as the route to market for livestock.

A

Railroads

44
Q

Were believed to bring “moral” voice into politcs and more “generous and virtuous”.

A

Women

45
Q

Celebrated the new West in grandiose canvases, some of which were taken on tours around the eastern and midwestern states and attracted enormous crowds, eager for a vision of the Great West.

A

“Rocky Mountain School”

46
Q

Emphasized the ruggedness and dramatic variety of the region, and reflected the same awe toward the land that earlier regional painters had displayed toward the Hudson River Valley and other areas.

A

“Rocky Mountain School”

47
Q

Romanticized the freedom that a cowboy had from traditional social constraints, his affinity with nature, and his supposed propensity for violence.

A

The Virginian (1902) Owen Wister

48
Q

Wrote of the far West, and of his own experience as a newpaper reporter in Nevada during the mining boom.

A

Roughing It (1872) Mark Twain

49
Q

Painter and sculptor who captured the romance of the West and its image as an alternative to the settled civilization of the East.

A

Frederic Remington

50
Q

Portrayed the cowboy as a natural aristocrat living in a natural world in which all the normal supporting structures of “civiliaztion” were missing.

A

Frederic Remington

51
Q

Published a four-volume history with a romanticized account of the spread of white civilization into the frontier.

A

The Winning of the West (1890s) Theodore Roosevelt

52
Q

Thesis that argued that the end of the frontier also marked the end of the most important democratizing forces in American life.

A

The Significance of the Frontier in American History” (1893) Frederick Jackson Turner

53
Q

The once widely shared belief that the West had the potential to be a virtual Garden of Eden, where a person could begin life anew and where the ideals of democracy could be restored.

A

“Myth of the Garden”

54
Q

Idea of establishing one great enclave in which many tribed could live gave way, in the face of white demands for access to lands in Indian Territory, to a new reservations policy.

A

“Concentration” Policy

55
Q

The killing of the 133 people from the Arapaho and Cheyenne tribes.

A

Sand Creek Massacre

56
Q

The tracking down and killing Indians.

A

“Indian Hunting”

57
Q

Custer anf 264 members of his regiment were suprised by tribal warriors; they killed every man.

A

Little Bighorn

58
Q

Leader of the Nez Perce tribe. Told his people to flee after a few of drunken men in the tribe killed four white men.

A

Chief Joseph

59
Q

Inspired ecstactic visions that many participants believed were genuinely mystical.

A

“Ghost Dance”

60
Q

A Paiute who inspired an ecstatic spiritual awakening that began in Nevada and spread quickly to the plains.

A

Wovoka

61
Q

A massacre of Indians where white soldiers turned to machine guns to kill.

A

Wounded Knee

62
Q

Provided for the gradual elimination of tribal ownership of land and the allotment of tracts to individual owners.

A

The Dawes Act

63
Q

Congress attempt to assimilate Indians into society.

A

Burke Act of 1906

64
Q

The 2 Illinois famers who developed barbed wire and began to market it.

A

Joseph H. Glidden and I.L. Ellwood

APUSH (5 decks)

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