Chapter 17

Question 1

Separation anxiety disorder

Answer 1

excessive anxiety/panic when individual is separated from home, a parent or other attachment figure; persistent at least 4 weeks in children, 6 mos in adults, significant distress; 4-10 % children; CBT best

Question 2

play therapy

Answer 2

reveal conflicts and feelings in their lives while they play

Question 3

major depressive disorder

Answer 3

by 16 girls twice as likely as boys to be depressed (hormonal? body related?); combo CBT/drugs most effective for treatment (TADS)

Question 4

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Answer 4

too many kids diagnosed bipolar; 1. severe/recurrent temper outbursts, 2. 3x/week/1 year, 3. persistent irritable/angry mood, 4. symptoms presesnt in 2+ settings, 5. 6-18 yo; childhood disorder marked by severe recurrent temper outbursts and/or angry mood.

Question 5

oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 5

childhood disorder in which children are repeatedly argumentative and defiant, angry and irritable, and vindictive; up to 10% of kids

Question 6

conduct disorder

Answer 6

child repeatedly violates basic rights of others and displays aggression, i.e. cruelty to people/animals, destruction of property and commissioning of crimes; 7-15 yo, 10% of children; 1. repetitive/persistent patern of behaviour, 2. 3 features in 12 mos, 3. significant impairment

Question 7

types of conduct disorder

Answer 7

1. overt drive - openly aggressive/confrontational behaviours; 2. overt-nondestructive - openly offensive but non confrontational; 3. covert-destructive - secretive destructive behaviours; 4. covert - nondestructive - secretly commit nondestructive behaviours; best treated younger than 13 - modest/moderate success - prevention might be best form of treatment

Question 8

ADHD

Answer 8

inability to focus attention, overactive or impulsive behaviour or both; 1. either of 6 symptoms of inattention or 6 symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity, 2. presence of symptoms before age 12, 3. symptoms in 2+ settings, 4. significant impairment; 4-9% school children, + boys; 35-60% have it as adults; maybe cause by abnormal dopamine levels; drug therapy most common

Question 9

methylphenidate

Answer 9

stimulant drug - ritalin - used for ADHD

Question 10

eneuresis

Answer 10

repeated involuntary (sometimes intentional) bed wetting or wetting of one’s clothes; can be triggered by stressful events; decreases with age; behavioural approaches often effective

Question 11

encopresis

Answer 11

repeatedly defecating in inappropriate places, i.e. in one’s clothes, seldom at night during sleep, usually involuntary; stress/constipation triggers; behavioural and medical approaches or combination most effective treatment

Question 12

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 12

developmental disorder marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, servere communication defecits, and highly repetitive/rigid behaviours, interested and activities; 1. defecits in social communication/interaction incl. social emotional reciprocity, nvbl communicative behaviours, developing/maintaining relationships, 2. restrictive/repetitive patterns of behaviours, 3. onset early childhood, 4. sig impairment; 1/600 or even 1/88 kids; 80% in boys, 90% sig disabled into adulthood

Question 13

echolalia

Answer 13

exact repetition of a phrase heard

Question 14

pronomial reversal

Answer 14

reversal of pronouns in speech

Question 15

theory of mind

Answer 15

awareness that others base beliefs on their own beliefs, intentions, and other menal states, not on info they have no way of knowing

Question 16

augmentative communication system

Answer 16

enhances comunication skills of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, IDD, cerebral palsy, by teaching them to paint pictures, symbols, letters etc. on a communication board/computer

Question 17

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Answer 17

1. defecits in general mental abilities such as reasoning, planning, judgement etc., 2. impairment in adaptive functioning in at least one aspect of daily life activities such as communication, function at school or work, etc. limits necessitate ongoing support, 3. onset before age 18; 3/100 people

Question 18

mild IDD

Answer 18

level of IDD with IQ 50-70 where people can benefit from education and can support themselves as adults; not usually diagnosed until school age as language and play skills are basically normal; stress triggers; seem to get a bit better with age

Question 19

moderate IDD

Answer 19

IQ 35-49, people can learn to care for themselves and benefit from vocational training; delay presents earlier

Question 20

severe IDD

Answer 20

IQ 20-34; individuals require careful supervision and can learn to perform basic work in structured and sheltered settings; increased risk for brain seizure disorder; usually physical handicaps as well

Question 21

profound IDD

Answer 21

IQ below 20, need a very structured environment with close supervision; usually physical handicaps as well

Question 22

Down syndrome

Answer 22

a form of IDD caused by abnormality of 21st chromosome (usually an extra one)

Question 23

fragile x syndrome

Answer 23

second most common chromosomal cause of IDD display moderate degrees of intellectual dysfucntioning, language impairments, and behavioural problems

Question 24

PKU

Answer 24

metabolic cause of IDD, can not break down phenylalalnine; if caught and started on a special diet before 3 mod, can develop normal intelligence

Question 25

Tay-Sachs

Answer 25

progressively lose mental function, vision and motor ability over 2-4 years and die

Question 26

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 26

group of problems in a child incl lower intellectual functioning, birthweight, and irregularities in hands and face that result from alcohol intake by mother during pregnancy

Question 27

normalization

Answer 27

principle that institutions and community residences should expose people with IDD to living conditions and opportunities similar to those found in rest of society

Question 28

special ed/mainstreaming or inclusion

Answer 28

special class vs. including people with IDD in regular classes

Question 29

sheltered workshops

Answer 29

protected and supervised workplaces that train people with IDD at a level tailored to their abilities