Chapter 16 Flashcards
personality disorder
an enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behaviour that repeatedly impairs an individual’s sense of self, emotional experiences, goals, capacity for empathy and/or capacity for intimacy; difficult to treat; appear in adolescence/early adulthood (9-13% of adults); 10 disorders
comorbidity
comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional disorders (or diseases) co-occurring with a primary disease or disorder
clusters
1) odd/eccentric - paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal; 2) dramatic - antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic; 3) anxiety - avoid ant, dependent, OCD; VERY overlapping - this method assumes presence/absence, displayed/not, and a person with a personality disorder is not markedly troubled by other traits
paranoid personality disorder
marked by a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness in others - not usually quite delusional; critical of others and easily hurt; + men, .5-3% of people; therapy has limited effect
Odd personality disorders
linked to Schizophrenia, often people with these qualify for an additional diagnosis of schizophrenia or have relatives with it
schizoid personality disorder
characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion; not trust issue s- genuinely prefer to be alone; express few feelings; social withdrawal means that people rarely enter therapy unless for alcohol abuse or other related disease; CBT some success
schizotypal personality disorder
extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd forms of thinking/perceiving, and behavioural eccentricities; feel intensely lonely; may include ideas of reference (unrelated events pertain to them in some way) and bodily illusions (i.e. sensing an external force/pressure); unfocussed; 2-4% people; comorbidity w schizophrenia and depression
Dramatic personality disorders
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic; dramatic, emotional, erratic; most commonly diagnosed; treatments are ineffective-moderately effective
antisocial personality disorder
marked by general pattern of disregard for and violation of others’ rights; most commonly linked to adult criminal behaviour aside from substance abuse; must be 18 to diagnose; lying, manipulative; comorbidity - substance abuse; less anxiety than other people
BPD
repeated instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood and by impulsive behaviour; 75% attempt suicide; interferes with job performance ++; low serotonin, + activity in amygdala and prefrontal cortex; DBT useful as treatment
histrionic personality disorder
also, hysterical personality disorder; characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention/approval seeking; theatrical; 2-3 % adults; more likely to seek treatment themselves than other PDs
narcissistic personality disorder
marked by broad pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy; + common in men
anxious personality disorders
avoidant, dependent, OCD; anxious/fearful, though not linked to anxiety or depressive disorders
avoidant personality disorder
characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation; comorbid with social anxiety; feel inferior
dependent personality disorder
characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and an ongoing need to be taken care of
OCPD
marked by such an intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, and control that the individual loses flexibility, openness and efficiency; men twice as likely; OCPD more likely to suffer from depression or substance use than OCD (no specific link between them); respond well to psychodynamic/ cog therapy, maybe SSRIs
BPD
repeated instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood and by impulsive behaviour; 75% attempt suicide; interferes with job performance ++; low serotonin, + activity in amygdala and prefrontal cortex; DBT useful as treatment; 75% women (PTSD theory)
Big 5
theory of personality and personality disorders; neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experiences, agreeableness, conscientiousness; super traits - basic structure of personality
personality disorder trais specified (PDTS)
personality disorder currently undergoing study for possible inclusion in a future revision of DSM-5; diagnosis given if they display significant impairment in their functioning as a result of one or more very problematic traits; would ID traits and rate severity of impairment they caused incl negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism on a scale of 0-3
negative affectivity
emotional lability (unstable), anxiousness, separation insecurity, perseveration, submissiveneess, hostility, depressivity, suspiciousness, strong emotional reactions
detachment
restricted emotional reactivity, depressivity, anhedonia, withdrawal, intimacy avoidance
antagonism
manipulativeness, deceitfulness, grandiosity, attn seeking, calousness, hostility
disinhibition
irresponsibility, impulsivity, distractibility, risk taking, imperfection, disorganization
psychoticism
unusual beliefs, eccentricity, cog/perceptual dysregulation
