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Biology Exam 4 > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

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0
Q

Protein is a 2 step process known as?

A

Transcription

Translation

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1
Q

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

A

DNA
mRNA
Protein

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2
Q

What is gene expression?

A

Process by which DNA directs protein synthesis

Includes 2 stages: transcription & translation

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3
Q

What is a Codon?

A

Triplet nucleotide bases of mRNA

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4
Q

What is the role of a Codon?

A

Bring in AA that is attached to one end of tRNA molecule during translation

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5
Q

During translation, what direction are codons read in ribosomes?

A

5’ to 3’ direction

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6
Q

What is the Start codon?

A

UAG

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7
Q

What are the stop codon?

A

UAA
UAG
UGA

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8
Q

What is Transcription?

A

The DNA-directed synthesis of RNA

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9
Q

What is the enzyme involved in transcription?

A

RNA polymerase

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10
Q

RNA polymerase

A

Catalyze RNA synthesis

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11
Q

Promoter

A

DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches

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12
Q

Terminator

A

Sequence signalling the end of transcription

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13
Q

Transcription unit

A

Stretch of DNA that is transcribed

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14
Q

What are the 3 stages of transcription?

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

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15
Q

TATA box

A

Promoter

Crucial in forming the initiation complex in eukaryotes

16
Q

What do transcription factors do?

A

Mediate the binding of RNA polymerase II and the initiation of transcription

17
Q

What are the 2 steps in eukaryotic RNA processing?

A

5’cap & 3’ poly-A tail

Splicing of introns

18
Q

What is the function of the 5’cap and 3’ poly-A tail?

A

Facilitate the export of mRNA

Protect mRNA from hydrolytic enzymes

Help ribosomes attach to the 5’ end

19
Q

What is the significance of RNA splicing?

A

Removes introns & joins exons

Creating a mRNA molecule with continuous coding sequence

20
Q

What ate Introns?

A

Noncoding regions

21
Q

What are exons?

A

Coding regions

Eventually expressed

Usually translated into amino acid sequences

22
Q

What role does Spliceosome play?

A

Carries out RNA splicing

23
Q

What are the 3 stages of translation?

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

24
Q

Initiation in Translation

A

Brings together:

mRNA
tRNA with the first amino acid
Two ribosomal subunits

25
Q

Elongation in Translation

A

Amino acids are added one by one to the preceding amino acid

26
Q

Termination in Translation

A

Occurs when a stop codon in the mRNA reaches the ribosome

27
Q

Ribosomes facilitate…

A

Specific coupling of tRNA anticodons with mRNA codons in protein synthesis

28
Q

Elongation of the RNA strand (transcription)

A

RNA polymerase moves along the DNA

Untwists the double helix

29
Q

Termination of Transcription

In bacteria

A

The polymerase stops transcription at the end of the terminator

30
Q

Termination of Transcription

In eukaryotes

A

The polymerase continues transcription after the pre-mRNA is cleaved from the growing RNA chain

The polymerase eventually falls off the DNA

Biology Exam 4 (5 decks)

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