Chapter 14 Flashcards
Stamen
Sperm producing organ
Advantages of Pea Plant for study
There are many varieties with distinct heritable features
Mating of plants can be controlled
Each plant has sperm and Egg producing organs
Cross-pollination is easy
True-breeding
Carpels
Egg producing organs
True-breeding
Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate
Cross-pollination
Fertilization between different plants
Alleles
Alternative versions of a gene
Dominate allele determine..?
the organisms appearance
Recessive allele
Has no noticeable effect on appearance
Law of Segregation states..
The two alleles for a heritable character separate (segregate) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
Punnett square
A diagram for predicting the results of a genetic cross between individuals of known genetic make-up
A Homozygous organism has…
Two identical alleles for a character
A Heterozygous organism has…
2 different alleles for a gene
Are not true-breeding
Phenotype
Physical appearance
Genotype
Genetic makeup
How can you tell the genotype of an individual with the dominate phenotype?
Use a testcross
How do you do a Testcross
Breed the mystery individual with a homozygous recessive individual
What if an offspring displays the recessive phenotype after a testcross is performed?
Then the mystery parent must be heterozygous
Monohybrid individuals are..?
Heterozygous for one character
Dihybrid individuals are..?
Heterozygous for both characters
A dihybrid cross can..?
Ratio?
Determine whether two characters are transmitted to offspring as a package or independently
9:3:3:1
The Law of Independent Assortment states…
That each pair of alleles segregate independently of each other pair of alleles during gamete formation
