Chapter 17 & 21 Flashcards
what is in charge of synthesis of insulin in the pancreas
the beta cells
control of insulin release
increased plasma glucose causes increased insulin secretion which decreases plasma glucose
diabetes mellitus
a group of metabolic diseases characterized by an inability to produce enough insulin or use it properly
characterized by hyperglycemia
type 1 diabetes
does not produce enough insulin
type 2 diabetes
cells don’t respond to insulin
signs and symptoms of diabetes
polydipsia (excessive thirst)
polyuria (frequent urination)
unexplained weight loss
infections and cuts that are slow to heal
blurry vision
fatigue
effect of prolonged exercise in diabetics
those will well medicated and controlled diabetes are able to maintain close to normal blood glucose levels throughout exercise
those with type 1 diabetes who do not inject the adequate amount of insulin before exercise show a
increase in plasma glucose
does exercise alone control blood glucose
no
what is a major concern in exercise with type 1 diabetics
hypoglycemia during exercise is a major concern and may result in insulin shock
how to avoid hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetics during exercise
a regular exercise schedule lowers the odds of exercise induced hypoglycemia
- intensity, frequency, and duration
-altering diet and insulin
-may require fine tuning
* all must be discussed with physician
exercise and type 1 diabetes: metabolic control
type 1 diabetics must have metabolic control over their fasting glucose before engaging in physical activity
- avoid exercise if fasting glucose > 300 mg/dl
- ingest CHO if glucose is <100 mg/dl
exercise and type 1 diabetes: blood glucose monitoring
monitor blood glucose before and after exercise
- identify needed changes in insulin or food intake
- learn how blood glucose responds to different types of exercise
exercise and type 1 diabetes: insulin injection site
should be away from the working muscle to prevent increased rate of uptake in that muscle and hypoglycemia in that area
exercise and type 2 diabetes: primary treatment
exercise is the primary treatment as opposed to insulin
- helps treat obesity
- helps control blood glucose and reduce insulin resistance
- helps treat CVD risk factors
what may eliminate the need for diabetic drug treatments
combination of diet and exercise
once sedentary individuals (type 2 diabetics) have been trained why would they need to adjust their medication
to prevent hypoglycemia during exercise
- if type 2 and inject same amount of insulin and exercise= double response and bring in way too much glucose = hypoglycemia
asthma
a respiratory problem characterized by shortness of breath and a wheezing sound due to vasoconstriction of bronchioles
asthma is due to
contraction of smooth muscle of airways
swelling of mucosal cells
hyper secretion of mucus (increased mucus in airways)
how is asthma diagnosed
using pulmonary function testing (PFT)
PFT looks for 2 things when diagnosing asthma
1) vital capacity
2) Forced expiratory volume (FEV1)
vital capacity
maximal volume of air expelled after max inhalation
- keep breathing out till you cant anymore
forced expiratory volume (FEV1)
volume of air expired in 1 second during maximal expiration
after VC, breathe out as forcefully as you can and how much air you were able to push out in 1 second is FEV1
triggers of asthma attacks
allergens (dust, pollutants)
exercise
stress