Chapter 17 Flashcards
Describe an autocrine chemical messenger. What is an example
it is a chemical messenger that acts on the same cell it was secreted from. It is local communication and examples include eicosanoids
Describe paracrine chemical messengers. give examples
It is considered local communication because it is a chemical messenger that when secreted, acts on nearby cells. Examples include: somatostatin, histamine, and eicosanoids
Describe neurotransitters as a chemical messenger. Give examples
They are secreted by neurons and act on post synaptic cells. It is considered long distance communications. Examples into acetylcholine and epinephrine
describe an endocrine chemical messenger. Give examples
It is secreted into the blood by endocrine cells and is considered long-distance communication. This type of chemical messenger is called a hormone. Examples include: thyroid hormones, growth, insulin, epinephrine, estrogen, etc
Which nervous system does the somatic and autonomic NS belong to?
the peripherial
What is the main difference between the autonomic and somatic NS
The autonomic is unconsious/ involuntary.
The somatic is consious/voluntary
What are the effectors of the ANS? Of the SNS?
ANS: cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands
SNS: skeletal
What are the effects of the ANS? of the SNS?
ANS: involuntary. They can be excitatory or inhibitory
The SNS is volunatry. Its effects are excitatory.
Describe the 2 divisions of the autonomic system
Parasympathetic system: during rest-digest function. example: increased secretion of digestive enzymes
Sympathetic system: during fight or flight functions. descreased contraction of smooth muscles that mix/move food through GI tract. There is an increased heart rate and force of contraction. There is also a vasoconstriction of blood vessels to tissues not involved in excercise. More airflow (dilution)
