Chaoter 23 Flashcards
What is the primary goal of the respiratory system?
It is to transport oxygen tissues and remove CO2. This is done by pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange occuring at the lung, gas exchange in the blood, and gas excahnge in the tissues
What is the role of the conducting division?
It delivers and expells air.
Where does the conducting zone end and begin?
Begins: nasal cavity
ENds: terminal bronchioles
What type of membrane does the conducting zone contain? What does the membrane accomplish?
It varies from a stratified squamous epithelium to ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to simple cuboidal. These muscosa membranes, cleanes, warm and humidify the air
WHat structures of the epithelium condition the air?
mucus, cilia, and vascularization
What causes bronchiomotion?
Smooth muscle
Describe the trend of the epithelium as you go deeper into the respiratory tract
There is a decrease in both thickness and connective tissue, as well as change in epithleial types
What type of epithelium can be found in the respiratory division?
Two layes of squamous epithelium with a basement membrane in-between
What is the benefit of the pleurae and pleural cavity?
It helps with reducing friction and helps lungs stay inflated
What is the primary cause of air flow resistance?
It is the diameter of the tubes air is flowing through. Contraction could make them smaller
What is the relationship between air flow and pressure gradient?
directly proportional: air flow increases with increase in pressure gradient
What is the relationship between airflow and resistance?
Inversely related: air flow decreases with increase in resistance
What is Boyle’s Law?
That pressure and volume are inversely related: if volume increases, then the pressure decreases
What is the pressure gradient that air flows through?
atmospheric pressure and intrapulmonary pressure (pressure within the alveoli of the lungs)
What is intrapleural pressure?
Pressure in the pleural cavity. Must be lower than the pressure in the alveoli and atmospheric pressure for lungs to inflate
WHat changes must occur to create a pressure gradient for air to flow?
The pressure within the alveoli must change because atmospheric pressure is always the same. This happens by changing the volume of the lungs
What is transpulmonary pressure? What is unique about it?
It is the difference between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressure. It must always be positive
Describe intrapulmonary pressure in relation to atmospheric pressure when breathing in?
It will be less than atmospheric pressure
Describe the intrapulmonary pressure in relation to atmospheric pressure when breathing out.
It will be greater than atmospheric pressure
WHat is elastic recoil?
It is the recoil of lungs. It occurs because of elastin fibers in connective tissue of lungs and the surface tension of alveoli caused by surfacntant
What is lung compliance?
It is the measure of how well lungs expand during inspiration as a result of pressure changes
Describe the relationship between transpulmonary pressure and compliance
They are inversely related. The greater the transpulmonary pressure, the lower the compliance
What is pneumothorax?
It is the collapse of a lung due to increased pressure in intrapleural cavity. This is caused by air entering the chest cavity
What is the role of the pleurae during lung enlargement? (inspirtation)
Lungs enlarge because they stick to the visceral pleurae, which sticks to the parietal, which sticks to the wall of thoracic cage
