Chapter 17

Question 1

The transport of particles across a cell membrane from high concentration low concentration is called:
A. facilitated transport
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport

Answer 1

B. Diffusion (Passive Transport)

Question 2

Diffusion moves particles from a __ concentration to a __ concentration.

A) low to high
B) high to low

Answer 2

B) HIGH TO LOW

Diffusion moves particles from a HIGH concentration to a LOW concentration.

Question 3

Active transport; moves ions against a ____ gradient.

Answer 3

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT.

Question 4

Facilitated transport: uses ___ channels to increase the rate of ___.

A) LIPID - HYDRATION
B) PROTEIN - DIFFUSION
C) ENZYMES - HYDRATION
D) LIPIDS - COMMUNICATION

Answer 4

B) PROTEIN - DIFFUSION

Facilitated transport uses PROTEIN channels to increase the rate of DIFFUSION.

Question 5

The lipid bilayer contains ___ with unsaturated fatty acids with kinks in the carbon chains.

Answer 5

Phospholipids.

The lipid bilayer contains PHOSPHOLIPIDS with unsaturated fatty acids with kinks in the carbon chains.

Question 6

The lipid bilayer contains proteins, carbohydrates, and ___ molecules.

A) Sucrose
B) Cholesterol
C) Fatty acid
D) Protein

Answer 6

B) CHOLESTEROL

The lipid bilayer contains proteins, carbohydrates, and CHOLESTEROL molecules.

Question 7

The lipid bilayer contains ___, carbohydrates, and cholesterol molecules.
A) Fatty acids
B) Enzymes
C) Proteins
D) Sucrose

Answer 7

C) PROTEINS

The lipid bilayer contains PROTEINS, carbohydrates, and cholesterol molecules.

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE: The lipid bilayer of a cell membrane is rigid.

Answer 8

FALSE: The lipid bilayer is dynamic and fluid-like.

Question 9

The cell membrane contains a lipid bilayer.
The lipid bilayer forms a membrane-type barrier with ___ heads at the membrane’s surfaces and ___ tails in the center, away from water.

A) POLAR - NONPOLAR
B) NONPOLAR - POLAR

Answer 9

A) POLAR - NONPOLAR

The cell membrane contains a lipid bilayer.
The lipid bilayer forms a membrane-type barrier with POLAR heads at the membrane’s surfaces and NONPOLAR tails in the center, away from water.

Question 10

Cell membranes are semipermeable so that nutrients can ___ the cell and waste products can ___.

Answer 10

ENTER - LEAVE

Cell membranes are semipermeable so that nutrients can ENTER the cell and waste products can LEAVE.

Question 11

Cell membranes consist of a _____ made of two rows of phospholipids.

Answer 11

LIPID BILAYER.

Cell membranes consist of a LIPID BILAYER made of two rows of phospholipids.

Question 12

Identify each of the following as a fatty acid, steroid, or triacycglycerol:

A. Cholesterol
B. Stearic Acid
C. Glyceryl Tristearate

Answer 12

A. Cholesterol - STEROID
B. Stearic Acid - FATTY ACID
C. Glyceryl Tristearate - TRIACYGLYCEROL

Question 13

Identify each of the following as a fatty acid, steroid, or triacycglycerol:

D. Estradiol
E. Contains NO fatty acids

Answer 13

D. Estradiol - STEROID
E. Contains NO fatty acids? - STEROID

Question 14

Steroid hormones, also called Adrenal Corticosteroids, are produced by ____ located on the top of each ____ (organ).

Answer 14

ADRENAL GLANDS - KIDNEY

Steroid hormones, also called Adrenal Corticosteroids, are produced by ADRENAL GLANDS located on the top of each KIDNEY.

Question 15

What is the purpose of aldosterone?

Answer 15

This hormone regulates ELECTROLYTES and WATER BALANCE by the kidneys.

Question 16

What stress hormone is a glucocorticoid and increases blood gluclose level? It also stimulates the synthesis of GLYCOGEN in the liver.

Answer 16

CORTISONE.

CORTISONE,a glucocorticoid, increases blood glucose level and stimulates the synthesis of GLYCOGEN in the liver.

Question 17

What trait does NOT belong to steroid hormones?

A) Produced from cholesterol.
B) Include female and male sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone/testosterone and androsterone.)
C) Contains proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol molecules.
D) Include cortisone, a hormone associated with fear and stress.

Answer 17

C) Contains proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol molecules.

This trait does NOT pertain to ADRENAL CORTICOSTEROIDS! It pertains to the lipid bilayer.

Question 18

When large amounts of ____ accumulate in the human gallbladder, gallstones are formed.

Answer 18

CHOLESTEROL.

Question 19

Glucose is a 1) ___ agent because it 1) ____ Cu2 to Cu.

Answer 19

1) Reducing/reduces

Question 20

Fructose can be oxidized to 1) ___ because isomerization is when fructose (a ketose) rearranges into 1) ____ (a lactose).

Answer 20

1) Glucose

Question 21

Fructose is ALSO a _______.

Answer 21

Reducing Sugar.

Question 22

The reduction of a monosaccharide converts an aldehyde group into an alcohol group, producing sugar, which are also called 1) _______.
- Converts D-glucose into D-soubitol

Answer 22

1) Aditoles

Question 23

Disaccarides are ______ ______ linked together.

Answer 23

Two Monosaccharides.

Question 24

Glycosidic Bonds work to bond two monosaccharides.
Glucose + Glucose = 1) ______ + h20
Glucose + Galactose = 2) ______ + h20
Glucose + Fructose = 3) _____ + h20

Answer 24

1) maltose +h20
2) lactose + h20
3) sucrose + h20

Question 25

TRUE OR FALSE:
Condensation is the process that happens to form a monosaccharide.

Answer 25

FALSE: Condensation is the process that happens to form DISACCHARIDES

Question 26

Maltose is also known as 1) _____.
Food usage: It is used in 2) _____ and _____.

Answer 26

1) Malt Sugar, 2) cereal and brewing

Question 27

Maltose/Malt Sugar: The 1) ______ bond is found on 2) ______ on carbon 3)___ and carbon ____ of the other molecule 4) ______.

Answer 27

1) Glycosidic bond,
2) a-OH,
3) Carbon 1 and carbon 4,
4) (1->4)

Question 28

Lactose is found in milk and dairy products.

Formed with a 1) _______ and either an a- OR b- 2) _____.

Answer 28

Formed with a 1) B-galactose and either an a- or b- 2) glucose.

Question 29

Sucrose is formed using a 1) ______ and a 2) _______.

Answer 29

1) a-glucose and 2) b-fructose

Question 30

Sucrose is 1) ____ reducing sugar, 2) _____ maltose and lactose.

Answer 30

1) NOT a reducing sugar, 2) unlike maltose and lactose

Question 31

Sucrose can NOT form a/an: 1) ______ or be 2) ______.

Answer 31

Sucrose can NOT form an: 1) open chain or be 2) odixidized.

Question 32

Polysaccharides are joined together by what bond?

A) Covalent bonds
B) Ionic Bonds
C) Polar Bonds
D) Glycosidic Bonds

Answer 32

D) Glycosidic bonds.
Polysaccharides are joined together by glycosidic bonds.

Question 33

Starch is the 1) _____ form of glucose in plants.

Answer 33

1) Storage form

Question 34

Starch is VERY:
A) Soluble
B) Insoluble

Answer 34

B) insoluble
Starch is VERY insoluble!

Question 35

Starch is an 1) _____ chain of 2) _____.
Starch is found in 3) ______.

Answer 35

1) unbranched
2) amylose
3) Rice ,wheat, potatoes, beans, and cereals.

Question 36

Lipids can be defined as either…
A) _____ (long chain carbon carbolyxic acid)
or B) _______ (4 rings joined together)

Answer 36

A) Fatty acids (long chain carbon carbolyxic acid)
B) Steroids (4 rings joined together)

Question 37

WHAT is the defining reason for Lipids being INSOLUBLE in water?

Answer 37

Because Lipids are NON-POLAR.

Question 38

Fatty acids have a carbon chain between 1) ______

Answer 38

12-18 carbons

Question 39

Saturated fatty acids contain 1) ____ C=C bonds.
Unsaturated fatty acids contain 2) _______ C=C bonds.

Answer 39

1) ZERO/NO C=C bonds.
2) ONE OR MORE C=C bonds

Question 40

Lauric acid contains 1) ____ carbons and 2) ____ double bonds. Lauric acid is found from this edible source: 3) ______.

Answer 40

1) 12-18 carbons,
2) zero/no double bonds,
3) coconuts