Chapter 17 Flashcards
What is the role of evidence in persuasion?
Evidence strengthens an argument by providing factual support for claims.
Example sentence: Presenting statistics and research findings can enhance the credibility of your argument.
How should evidence be used in a persuasive speech?
Present clear, relevant, and credible evidence to back up your points.
Example sentence: Use examples that directly relate to your main points to make a stronger impact on the audience.
What are emotional appeals, and why are they effective?
Emotional appeals, or pathos, influence the audience’s feelings, making them more likely to be persuaded.
Example sentence: Telling a heartfelt story can evoke emotions in the audience and create a stronger connection.
What is reasoning, and how does it function in persuasion?
Reasoning is the process of drawing logical conclusions from evidence, essential for logos.
Example sentence: Using logical reasoning helps the audience follow your argument and understand your point of view.
What is inductive reasoning?
Inductive reasoning draws general conclusions from specific examples.
Example sentence: Observing patterns in data and making generalizations based on those patterns is an example of inductive reasoning.
What is deductive reasoning?
Deductive reasoning starts with a general principle and applies it to specific cases.
Example sentence: If all humans are mortal, and John is a human, then deductive reasoning concludes that John is mortal.
Why is it important to avoid logical fallacies?
Logical fallacies weaken arguments and undermine credibility.
Example sentence: Pointing out logical fallacies in an argument can help strengthen your own position by highlighting flaws in the opposing viewpoint.
What is a hasty generalization?
A hasty generalization occurs when a conclusion is based on insufficient or biased evidence.
Example sentence: Assuming all teenagers are irresponsible based on a single encounter is an example of a hasty generalization.
What is the slippery slope fallacy?
The slippery slope fallacy assumes one action will lead to a series of negative consequences without evidence.
Example sentence: Claiming that allowing one small change will lead to a catastrophic chain of events is an example of the slippery slope fallacy.
How can you enhance your credibility (ethos) as a speaker?
Demonstrate knowledge, fairness, and sincerity to build trust with the audience.
Example sentence: Sharing personal experiences and expertise can help establish credibility with the audience.
What is the ad hominem fallacy?
An ad hominem fallacy attacks the person rather than addressing the argument.
Example sentence: Dismissing someone’s viewpoint by criticizing their appearance rather than engaging with their ideas is an ad hominem fallacy.
How does the bandwagon fallacy work?
The bandwagon fallacy suggests that something is true or right because “everyone is doing it.”
Example sentence: Arguing that a particular belief is valid simply because it is popular is an example of the bandwagon fallacy.
Why is it important to balance logic and emotion in persuasive speaking?
A balance of logos and pathos appeals to both the rational and emotional sides of the audience, making the argument more effective.
Example sentence: Using both logical reasoning and emotional appeals can help you connect with a broader range of audience members.
What is the role of ethos in persuasive speaking?
Ethos establishes the speaker’s credibility, which is critical for persuading the audience.
Example sentence: Demonstrating honesty and integrity in your speech can enhance your ethos and make your arguments more persuasive.
What is the false cause fallacy?
The false cause fallacy assumes that because one event follows another, the first caused the second.
Example sentence: Believing that wearing a lucky charm caused you to win a game is an example of the false cause fallacy.
