chapter 17 Flashcards
skilled workers
highly educated or trained segments of the workforce
unskilled workers
segments of the workforce who have little to no training or experience
trade union
group of workers with the same trade/skill
strike
a refusal to do work in order to force an employer to makes changes
prejudice
an unfair opinion not based on facts
discrimination
unfair treatment
immigrant
person who moves to a new place
famine
an extreme shortage of food
nativist
person opposed to immigration
domestic slave trade
the trade of enslaved people within the US
yeoman
farmers who owned small farms
overseer
plantation manager
spiritual
an african american religious song
fugitive
a person who has run away or is in hiding
clipped ship
a ship that has “clipped” time from long journeys
the development of railroads
first steam-powered railroad engine ran in britain in the year 1829, first american steam-powered railroad engine was built by peter cooper in the year 1830, railroads connected the midwest to the east
samuel morse and the telegraph
inventor of the telegraph, uses electric signals to send messages (1844)
improvements in agriculture
new machinery such as the steel-tipped plow, the reaper, and the thresher made collecting wheat easier and faster (caused people to move to the midwest)
prejudice and discrimination in the north
immigrants from germany and ireland were discriminated
push factors
things that “push” someone out of a place/country (ex. poor living conditions, oppression)
pull factors
things that “pull” someone into a place/country (ex. freedom, opportunities)
irish immigration
push factors: potato famine (killed one million people), british rule
pull factors: political and religious freedom
german immigration
push factors: natural disasters (which caused food shortages), rule of the austro-hungarian empire
pull factors: work, opportunities, political freedom
the know nothing party (also known as the american party)
a political party formed by nativists whose purpose was to make it harder to become a citizen for immigrants
plantation based agriculture
many cash crops were grown on plantations, the work was done by enslaved people (in the south)
the cotton kingdom
after the american revolution, there was a great demand for cotton. cotton took a long time to collect so to solve the problem, eli whitney invented a machine called the cotton gin. this also lead to a greater demand for enslaved workers so that more cotton could be collected in a certain amount of time.
cash crops
crops that were planted for the purpose of selling (ex. tobacco, rice, cotton, sugarcane, wheat)
the triangular trade system
a system of exchange between the US, africa, and europe
the middle passage
transatlantic shipment of slaves from africa to the western hemisphere
life on the plantation
enslaved people worked hard, earned little to no money, had little hope of being set free, and feared for being separated from their families
slave codes
laws in southern states meant to control enslaved people
slave resistence
a way for slaves to resist slavery and their owners (ex. running away, breaking tools, working slowly, destroying crops/livestock)
nat turner
popular religious leader among enslaved people who led a violent rebellion
the underground railroad
a group of people who were against slavery and a set of locations that helped enslaved people escape slavery
harriet tubman
african american leader who helped enslaved people escape slavery by being apart of the underground railroad
the fugitive slave act
a law that required that slaves be returned to their owner even if found in a free state
chattel
a piece of property that can be bought or sold (enslaved people were considered to be chattel)
