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Anatomy and Physiology 2 Unit 1 > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main functions of blood

A

transport regulation and protection

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2
Q

What are the normal hematocrit levels

A

males 47 females 42

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3
Q

What is plasma

A

liquid portion of blood used for transporting

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4
Q

What is the pH of blood

A

7.35 to 7.45

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5
Q

Where are plasma proteins produced

A

the liver

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6
Q

What is the importance of albumin

A

it is a carrier molecule that acts as a buffer and maintains plasma osmotic pressure with Na

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7
Q

What is serum

A

plasma minus fibrinogen

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of RBCs

A

biconcave disc, mostly hemoglobin, no nuclei or organells

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9
Q

What is spectrin

A

protein molecule that helps with flexibility

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10
Q

Why is carbon monoxide so deadly

A

it binds to hemoglobin with a higher affinity than oxygen causing the person to suffocate

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11
Q

What is erthropoietin

A

made in the kidneys to stimulate RBC production

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12
Q

What are the dietary requirements for RBCs

A

Iron calcium and vitamin D

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13
Q

What is the lifespan of RBCs

A

120 days

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14
Q

What is hemorrhagic anemia caused by

A

a sudden loss of blood

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15
Q

What is chronic hemorrhagic anemia caused by

A

slow blood loss

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16
Q

What is iron-deficiency anemia caused by

A

low iron

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17
Q

what are microcytes

A

smaller than normal RBCs

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18
Q

What is pernicious anemia caused by

A

not enough B12

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19
Q

What are Macrocytes

A

larger than normal RBCs

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20
Q

What causes renal anemia

A

lack of EPO with renal disease

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21
Q

What causes aplastic anemia

A

body stops producing enough red blood cells because of damage to red bone marrow

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22
Q

What causes hemolytic anemia

A

incompatible transfusions and infections

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23
Q

Thalassemias

A

less hemoglobin in body than normal

24
Q

Symptoms of sickle-cell anemia

A

fatigue, bedwetting, jaundice and pain

25
Q

Polycythemia vera

A

bone marrow cancer

26
Q

What causes Secondary polycythemia

A

less O2 or EPO increased

27
Q

What is positive chemotaxis

A

movement of cells toward a high concentration of a stimulating substance

28
Q

What are the granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

29
Q

What are the agranulocytes

A

monocytes and lymphocytes

30
Q

What are neutrophils good at

A

destroying bacteria invaders

31
Q

What are eosinophils good at

A

destroying parasites

32
Q

What do basophils do

A

release histamine

33
Q

What are lymphocytes used in

A

immunity T cells and B cells

34
Q

What are monocytes used for

A

macrophages in tissues

35
Q

Where does leukopoiesis happen

A

bone marrow

36
Q

What is leukopenia

A

drug induced low WBC count

37
Q

What is leukemia

A

cancer of WBC where leukocytes remain unspecialized and mitotic so they suppress normal bone marrow functions

38
Q

What causes Mono

A

Epstein Barr virus, high number of typical agranulocytes

39
Q

What are the symptoms of Mono

A

fatigue fever sore throat swollen lymph nodes liver and or spleen

40
Q

What are vascular spasms triggered by

A

injury to endothelium releases chemicals

41
Q

What are the three steps of blood clotting

A

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation

42
Q

What are the main steps of coagulation

A

prothrombin makes thrombin thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin and fibrinolysis

43
Q

What is plasmin’s function

A

fibrinolytic protease

44
Q

What is a thrombus

A

intact blood clot

45
Q

What is an embolis

A

a free-floating clot

46
Q

What is thrombocytopenia

A

low platelet counts

47
Q

What can causes thrombocytopenia

A

impaired liver function, vitamin K deficiency, hepatitis and cirrhosis

48
Q

How do we restore blood volume

A

normal saline or multiple electrolyte solution

49
Q

What does normal saline not do in restoring blood volume

A

replace oxygen carrying capacities of RBCs

50
Q

What are agglutinogens

A

antigens on the RBC surface

51
Q

What are agglutinins

A

antibodies in the plasma

52
Q

How can blood tests reveal lipidemia

A

high lipids

53
Q

How can blood tests reveal anemia

A

low RBC count

54
Q

How can blood tests reveal diabetes

A

blood glucose levels

55
Q

How can blood tests reveal infection/cancer

A

leukocytosis, lots of leukocytes

56
Q

Why do we measure prothrombin time

A

to make sure blood can clot fast enough

Anatomy and Physiology 2 Unit 1 (3 decks)

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