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Anatomy and Physiology 2 Unit 1 > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Amino acid based hormones use

A

secondary messenger systems

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2
Q

Steroid based hormones use what mechanism

A

bind to DNA to influence RNA transcription

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3
Q

Steroid Hormones are synthesized from what

A

cholesterole

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4
Q

What ways can hormones cause changes

A

plasma membrane permeability, protein synthesis, enzymes, stimulate mitosis

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5
Q

What is humoral stimuli

A

control hormone release in response to change in extracellular fluid

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6
Q

What glands use neural stimuli

A

adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary glands

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7
Q

What does activation by hormone depend on

A

blood level of hormone, relative number of receptors, affinity for binding

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8
Q

What is permissiveness

A

one hormone cannot exert its effects without another hormone being present

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9
Q

What is synergism

A

more than one hormone produces the same effect on target cell resulting in amplification

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10
Q

What is antagonism

A

one or more hormones opposes action of another hormone

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11
Q

What part of the pituitary uses the hypophyseal portal system

A

anterior pituitary gland

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12
Q

What is diabetes insipidus caused by and its symptoms

A

low ADH thirst and urine production increase

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13
Q

What are the 6 hormones released from the anterior pituitary

A

Growth hormone, Prolactin, ACTH, TSH, LH, FSH

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14
Q

What effect does growth hormone have on the liver

A

reduces liver fat and inflammation

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15
Q

What are the different growth hormone disorders

A

gigantism, acromegaly, pituitary dwarfism

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16
Q

How is TSH inhibited

A

GHIH

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17
Q

What does ACTH cause the release of

A

cortisol from adrenal cortex

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18
Q

What is the function of FSH

A

production of gametes

19
Q

What is the function of LH

A

release of hormones

20
Q

What triggers the release of FSH and LH

A

GnRH

21
Q

What inhibits prolactin

A

dopamine

22
Q

What are thyroid follicles

A

structural and functional units of the thyroid

23
Q

What cells produce calcitonin

A

parafollicular cells

24
Q

What is a calorigenic effect

A

increase body temp, heart rate, production of ATP

25
Q

What are some thyroid disorders

A

myxedema, endemic goiter, cretinism, graves disease

26
Q

What is myxedema and its symptoms

A

hypothyroidism, decreased breathing hypothermia and confusion

27
Q

What is an endemic goiter and its symptoms

A

myxedema resulting from Low iodide enlarged thyroid gland

28
Q

What is cretinism and what are its effects

A

hypothyroidism in infants, impaired neurological function, stunted growth, physical deformities

29
Q

What is graves disease and its symptoms

A

autoimmune hyperthyroidism, tremors weight loss bulging eyes

30
Q

What does calcitonin cause

A

decrease in blood calcium levels

31
Q

What does parathyroid hormone cause

A

increase in blood calcium levels

32
Q

What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia (BACKME)

A

bone pain, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, kidney stones, muscle weakness, excessive urination

33
Q

What are the symptoms of hypocalcemia CATS

A

convulsions, arrhythmias, tetany and stridor or spasms

34
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa produce

A

mineralcorticoids, aldosterone

35
Q

What does the zona fasciculata produce

A

glucocorticoids cortisol

36
Q

What does the zona reticularis produce

A

andorgens

37
Q

Aldosterone is used for what

A

maintaining Na blood levels

38
Q

What is cushing’s disease

A

hypercortisolism

39
Q

What do chromaffin cells produce

A

80%b epinephrine and 20% norepinephrine

40
Q

What produces insulin and what is its effect

A

beta cells, decrease blood glucose levels

41
Q

What produces glucagon and what is its effect

A

alpha cells, increase blood glucose levels

42
Q

What are the signs of diabetes mellitus

A

frequent urination, excessive thirst, weight loss, irritability

43
Q

What are ketone bodies

A

they break down body fat for energy since the body cant use sugar for energy and end up in urine

44
Q

What causes hypoglycemia

A

hyperinsulinism

Anatomy and Physiology 2 Unit 1 (3 decks)

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