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9th > Chapter 166- Poxvirus infections > Flashcards

Chapter 166- Poxvirus infections Flashcards

1
Q

Largest animal viruses that can cause disease of varying severity in humans

A

Poxviuses

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2
Q

___ sole reservoir is humans which allowed its eradication

A

Smallpox

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3
Q

Four genera of poxvirus that infect humans (4)

A

Orthopoxvirus
Parapoxvirus
Molluscipoxvirus
Yatapoxvirus

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4
Q

Major reservoir of cowpox is cow.

True or False

A

False, cats and small rodents

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5
Q

Mortality from variola major is ___; variola minor is ___

A

30%

Less than 1%

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6
Q

MOT of smallpox

A

Respiratory route

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7
Q

Intentional introduction of smallpox virus from pustule of infected person to healthy nonimmune person to induce mild form of disease

A

Variolation

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8
Q

Smallpox is less infectious than measles, varicella, and influenza.
True or False

A

True

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9
Q

Risk of adverse effects from vaccine, particularly in (2), has prevented mass vaccination policies

A

Immunocompromised

Atopic dermatitis

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10
Q

Key characteristic of smallpox

A

All lesions progress synchronously through macular, papular, vesicular stages

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11
Q

Scarring is most common on ___ where there are larger and more numerous sebaceous glands

A

Face

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12
Q

Most common type of smallpox

A

Classic or ordinary smallpox

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13
Q

Mild, nonfatal form of variola major in previously vaccinated individuals and does not prigress to vesicles, pustules, crusting by day 10

A

Modified smallpox

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14
Q

Lesions persist as soft, velvety vesicles that coalesce into confluent, edematous plaques with flat appearance common in children and nonimmunized individuals

A

Flat, malignant smallpox

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15
Q

Hemorrhage into skin or mucous membranes and deadliest form of smallpox; almost always fatal

A

Hemorrhagic smallpox

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16
Q

Brief febrile illness that occurs without a rash when vaccinated individual is exposed to variola major

A

Variola sine eruption

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17
Q

Complications of smallpox (3)

A

Pneumonia
Arthritis
Osteomyelitis

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18
Q

Major criteria for smallpox (3)

A

1-4 days fever before rash
Classic smallpox lesions
Lesions in same stage of development

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19
Q

Minor criteria of smallpox (5)

A 
Centrifugal
First as enanthem (oral mucosa, palate, face, forearms)
Toxic or moribund
Slow evolution of lesions
Lesions on palms and soles
20
Q

A patient is considered high risk for smallpox if

A

Patient has febrile prodrome + 1 major criteria with 4 or more minor criteria

21
Q

All testing for smallpox should be done in Biosafety __ lab

A

3

22
Q

Most useful for differentiating between poxvirus and varicella

A

Electron microscopy

23
Q

Lab abnormalities in early hemorrhagic form of smallpox (2)

A

Decrease in factor V

Increase in thrombin time

24
Q

Characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies for poxvirus

A

Guarnieri bodies

25
Q

Important factor in death from variola minor

A

Encephalitis

26
Q

Orthopox virus specific antiviral medication targeting F13Lvaccinia gene that reduces morbidity and mortality of variola infection in both prelesional and postlesional settings

A

Tecovirimat

27
Q

Lipid conjucate of cidofovir with broad spectrum in vitro activity against dsDNA

A

Brincidofovir

28
Q

The 3 currently stockpiled vaccines for smallpox

A

ACAM 2000
Adventis Pasteur Smallpox Vaccine
Imvamune

29
Q

Contraindications for smallpox vaccination in pre-exposure settings: (6)

A

AD
Immunosuppression (HIV CD4 count 50-199 cells/ul)
Heart disease or sig. cardiac risk factors
Allergy
Younger than 12 mos
Pregnancy, breastfeeding

30
Q

In an outbreak, the ff would not benefit from vaccination (4)

A

BM transplant within past 3 mos
HIV with CD4 count less than 50 cells/ul
SCID
DiGeorge syndrome

31
Q

Vaccination provides full immunity for ___ and waning immunity for at least another ___

A

3-5 years

10 years

32
Q

Adverse reactions are ___ times more common with primary vaccination than revaccination

A

10

33
Q

Most common adverse event in vaccinia vaccination

A

Accidental vaccinia

34
Q

Most common sites of transfer of accidental vaccinia (4)

A

Eyelids
Nose
Mouth
Genitals

35
Q

Localized or generalized spread of vaccinia virus in individuals with atopic dermatitis

A

Eczema vaccinatum

36
Q

Vaccination of individuals with severe impairment of immune system leads to nonhealing primary lesion which enlarges to a painless ulcer with central necrosis

A

Vaccinia necrosum
Vaccinia gangrenosa
Progressive vaccinia

37
Q

Postvaccinial encephalopathy occurs in children younger than ___ 6-10 days after vaccination

A

2 years old

38
Q

Most common serious adverse effect ff immunization with ACAM 2000

A

Myocarditis/Perocarditis

39
Q

Introduction of vaccinia virus into outer layers of skin by multiple punctures is termed as

A

Scarification

40
Q

___ punctures are recommended for primary vaccination and ___ punctures for revaccination

A

2-3

15

41
Q

Treatment of accidental vaccinia, progressive vaccinia, generalized vaccinia

A

IV administration of vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) or cidofovir

42
Q

Preevent vaccination younger than 18 years of age is ___ and younger than 1 year of age is ___

A

Not recommended

Contraindicated

43
Q

Main orthopoxvirus affecting humans

A

Monkeypox

44
Q

Hallmark of monkeypox

A

Lymphadenopathy

Submandibular, cervical, inguinal

45
Q

MOT of monkeypox

A

Handling of infected body fluids or infected animals

46
Q

Postexposure prophylaxis is recommended within ___ days of exposure including pregnant, infants less than 12 mos, skin conditions

A

4-14 days

47
Q

Vaccination is contraindicated in postexposure setting for (5)

A 
CD4 count < 200 cells/ul
High dose immunosuppressants
Lymphosarcoma
Hematologic malignancies
Primary T cell congenital immunodeficiencies

9th (7 decks)

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