Chapter 16.5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What neurotransmitter is released by all parasympathetic neurons?

A

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is released by all parasympathetic neurons.

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2
Q

Two types of cholinergic receptors occur on the postsynaptic membranes

A

nicotinic and muscarinic.

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3
Q

Describe nicotinic receptors

A

occur on ganglion cells of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. When ACh activates nicotinic receptors, it opens chemically gated Na+ channels in the postsynaptic membrane of the ganglionic neuron or motor end plate of the muscle fiber, which always causes excitation of that cell.

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4
Q

Describe the muscarinic receptor

A

occur at cholinergic neuromuscular or neuroglandular junctions The response can be excitatory or inhibitory, depending on the activation or inactivation of specific enzyme

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5
Q

How would the stimulation of muscarinic receptors in cardiac muscle affect the heart?

A

Stimulation of muscarinic receptors, a type of cholinergic receptor located in postganglionic synapses of the parasympathetic nervous system, would cause K+ channels to open, resulting in hyperpolarization of cardiac plasma membranes and a decreased heart rate.

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