14-1 The Brain Flashcards
What are the four major regions of the brain?
The cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brainstem
Which regions are in the dincephalon
Thalamus and hypothalmus
What are the regions of the brain stem?
Midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
what is the largest portion of the brain
cerebrum
What are the elevation and shallow grooves on the brain called?
Gyri and sulci
What is the function of the gyri and sulci?
to increase surface area
What are the deeper grooves called
fissues
what is the function of fissures?
separate larger brain regions
How many hemispheres does the cerebrum have?
2
left and right cerebral hemisphere
Name the superficial layer that covers the cerebrum
thin superficial layer of gray matter called the cerebral cortex
How many hemispheres does the cerebellum have?
2 hemispheres
Name the layer that covers the cerebellum
cerebellar cortex
What is the function of the cerebellum
in the coordination of skeletal muscle contractions and in the maintenance of normal muscle posture and balance
What is the function of the thalamus?
contains relay and processing centers for sensory information.
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Regulator of homeostasis
It contains centers involved with emotions, autonomic function, and hormone production.
What is connected to the hypothalamus via an infundibulum narrow stalk?
pituitary gland
What is the epithalamus?
contains the pineal gland which secretes melatonin , etc
What is the function of the midbrain?
It conveys motor impulses from the cerebellum to the cerebrum and spinal cord,
send sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus, regulates auditory and visual reflexes
What is the function of the Pons?
Relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal muscles movements from cerebrum to cerebellum
What is the function of the medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata also contains major centers that regulate autonomic function, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion
The CNS begins as hollow cylinder known as
neural tube
Name the primary brains that develop
the prosencephalon or “forebrain
the mesencephalon, or “midbrain
the rhombencephalon or hindbrain.”
What does the prosencephalon form
prosencephalon forms the telencephalon () and the diencephalon. The telencephalon ultimately forms the cerebrum and the diencephalon forms the thalamus.
What does the rhombencephalon form
portion of the rhombencephalon adjacent to the mesencephalon forms the metencephalon
The posterior portion of the metencephalon later becomes the cerebellum, and the anterior portion develops into the pons.
List the four ventricles?
two lateral ventricles, then the third and fourth ventricles) and their passageways
