chapter 16--the World Wide Web Flashcards
True/False. Most search engines use a context-based approach for finding candidate pages
False, although they are moving in that direction
True/False. a cookie is a program that is executed on your computer
false
True/False. All elements associated with a particular webpage are brought over when a request for that webpage is made.
True
Define Java applet.
a small program designed to be embedded into an HTML format.
name and define URL.
Uniform Resource Locator. the web address, it is the standard way of uniquely identifying every webpage. Includes the hostname of the computer where the webpage is stored, as well as the domain name and the top-level domain name.
define JSP scriptlet.
a small piece of executable code imbedded in a webpage that can pull dynamic content from a constantly-changing database. Useful for webpages that have content that changes many times daily.
Name and define HTML. Are tags fixed in HTML?
Hypertext Markup Language. The basic language of the Web. Tags are fixed, unlike XML.
Name and define XML and DTD.
Extensible markup language. A more powerful web language that has more versatility than HTML. It allows the user to define the content of a document using a Document Type Definition. It is a metalanguage.
What is a tag in HTML?
the syntactic element in a markup language that indicates how information should be displayed.
What is a markup language? Where does that name come from?
The basic type of language used for webpages. It refers to a language that uses tags to annotate the information in a document. In HTML the tags note how the infro will be desplayed
What is a hortizontal rule, and what is it used for?
It is a solid horizontal line on a webpage, useful for separating portions of the page from each other.
Name 5 formatting specifications that can be established using HTML tags.
bold, underline, italics, new paragraph, centering
what is a tag attribute? give 1 example
part of a tag that provides additional information about the element. The attribute name in an image tag would be SRC, or HREF for a link tag.
write the HTML statement that inputs the image on file mine.gif.
<img></img>
Write the HTML statement that sets up a link to http://cs.utexas.edu/users/ndale/ and shows the text “Dale Home Page” on the screen.
<a> Dale Home Page</a>
How do you embed a Java applet in an HTML doc?
What kinds of restrictions are put on Java applets? Why?
they cannot access any locals files or change any system settings. this is to protect security
Where is a Java applet executed?
on the end-user’s machine, in the browser
What is a Java Server Page?
A page that has dynamic content that is pulled from a database when you view the webpage, using JSP scriptlets.
What is a scriptlet?
A small piece of code in an HTML doc that pulls dynamic content from a database whenever someone views the page
How do you embed a scriptlet in an HTML doc?
the percent sign tags
how does JSP processing differ from applet processing?
applets are executed on the user’s machine. JSP pull dynamic content from a database whenever the page is viewed.
Compare/contrast HTML and XML.
HTML has fixed tags, whereas XML lets the programmer define the tags. XML is a metalanguage, which is a language that defines other languages.
In a DTD, how do you indicate a. that an element is to be repeated 0 or more times, b. 1 or more times, and c. that an element cannot be broken down into other tags?
0 or more is an asterisk inside the parentheses , 1 or more is a + inside the parentheses, and PCDATA (parsed character data), specifies that a tag is not further broken down into other tags.
What is XSL?
extensible stylesheet language, a language that defines how a document is transformed from XML to other formats, like audio, a mobile browser, or into a MS Word doc
What is the relationship between XML and XSL?
XSL translates XML docs into other formats, like mobile browsers, MS Words docs, or audio
How does an XML doc get viewed?
with a browser
what do XSL, SGML, and DTD stand for?
extensible stylesheet language, standard generalized markup language, and document type definition
what’s the difference between an HTML tag and an attribute?
the attrubute refers to something specific about the information to be displayed or how it is to be displayed. the tag itself is more general
what does the A stand for in a hyperlink tag?
Anchor
Who invented the World Wide Web, when, where, and where was he working? What organization is he director of?
Tim Berners-Lee, working at CERN, in 1990, in Switzerland. the World Wide Web Consortium
What do the tags UL, OL, and LI mean in HTML?
unordered list, which produces bullet points, ordered list, which produces numbered items, and list item, which denotes the beginning of each item in the list
What do the H1, H2, etc. tags mean in HTML?
they refer to the size of a heading. H1 is the largers, H6 the smallest
name some of the new tags that are available in HTML5.
- section, to define sections of a page. 2. header, 3. footer,4. nav (to define navigational elements on a page), 5. article (to define an article or primary content of a page), 6. aside (to define secondary content that might appear in a sidebar),7. figure (to define images that annotate an article) 8. Tags for time, date, fields for ranges, emails, and URLs
What is the name of the chemistry language developed from XML?
CML, chemistry markup language
what is the difference between XML and XML files?
XML is a markup specification language. XML files are data.
When did twitter, linkedin, and facebook start?
twitter 2006, linkedin 2002, facebook 2004
How many unique URLs are there, roughly?
11 trillion
What is the basic premise used in concept-based web searches?
Clustering
What is the leading IM application today? Is it’s protocol proprietary?
AIM AOL instant messenger. Yes
Are instant messages secure?
No
What year was the word “blog” called “word of the year” by Merriam-Webster?
2004
Cookie?
A small text file that the web server stores on your hard disk
What are some uses of cookies?
Counting unique visitors, customizing a website visit to a user, and implementing electronic shopping carts
How is an HTML document opened/closed?
With and tags
What does the title tag do?
Gives the page title to be displAyed in the browser’s title bar
Do browsers take carriage returns and blank lines in an HTML doc into consideration?
No
How is a new paragraph delineated in HTML?
<p>. The closer is not necessary in most browsers
</p>
Honors that Tim Berners-Lee received?
Knighthood, order of merit in 2007, and the IEEE Maxwell award
When was HTML 5 released? What are two of its most important features?
- Dynamic content, like context menus for drop-down menus. Also the async attribute, which allows pages to load more quickly.
What type of language are applets compiled into?
Bytecode
What tag is used to refer to the DTD?
<!doctype books system “filename.dtd”>
What are the 1st & 2nd lines of an XML doc?
XML version and the 2nd line is the DTD location. XML version uses the ? at the beginning and end
What do the tags in a DTD look like?
<!element is how they open, and the ones that cannot be broken down further end with (#pcdata)>
When was Google + started?
2011
What was LinkedIn’s nickname?
MySpace for adults
