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CompTIA Network+ > Chapter 16 - Supplement - Sheet1 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Supplement - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

Main way WAN differs from LAN

A

Generally own LAN infrastructure, lease WAN infrastructure

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2
Q

PSTN

A

Public Switched Telephone Network

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3
Q

Which layers of the OSI model to WAN protocols and technologies occupy?

A

Physical, Data Lihnk, sometimes network

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4
Q

CPE

A

Customer premises equipment. Equipment that’s owned by the service provided by located on teh subscriber’s property

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5
Q

Local Loop

A

Pair of copper wires connecting the demarc to the closest switching office, called the CO

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6
Q

CO

A

Central Office. AKA POP (Point of Presence). Phone company building that connects the customer’s network to the provider’s switching network.

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7
Q

Toll Network

A

Trunk line inside a WAN provider’s network. Collection of switches and facilities owned by the ISP

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8
Q

WAN Connection Types

A

Dedicated (Leased) Lines, Circuit Switching, Packet Switching

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9
Q

Dedicated (Leased) Lines

A

AKA Point-to-point or dedicated connections. These lines are direct and always open, reserved for the customer to use

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10
Q

Circuit Switching

A

uses the phone system - ISDN or Dial-up

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11
Q

Packet Switching

A

Packet switching involves breaking messages into chunks at the sending device.
Each packet can be sent over any number of routes on its way to its destination. The packets
are then reassembled in the correct order at the receiver.

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12
Q

T1 Line

A

Basic, first level in bandwidth or speed for leased, synchronous connections between sites (WAN). Serves up to 24 Digital Signal 0 (DS0) 64Kbps Channels. Digital connection typically over 2 copper wire pairs

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13
Q

Countries that use T1

A

US, Japan (Uses J1 - same tech and speeds), South Korea

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14
Q

European version of T1 and speed.

A

E1 or E Carrier Line. Serves 30 DS0 Channels – Slightly faster than T1 at 2.048Mbps

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15
Q

What bit patterns does T1 use to transmit packets

A

DS1 (Digital Signal 1)

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16
Q

Max speed of T1C

A

3.152Mbps

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17
Q

Max speed of T1

A

1.544Mbps

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18
Q

Max speed of T2

A

6.312Mbps

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19
Q

Max speed of T3, digital signal level, number of T1 circuits

A

44.736Mbps, DS3, 28 T1 circuits

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20
Q

Max speed of T4

A

274.176Mbps

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21
Q

Attenuation

A

Weakening of a signal as it travels

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22
Q

Standard for Synchronous Data Transmission on optical fiber

A

SONET. Synchronous Optical Network

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23
Q

International Equivalent of SONET

A

SDH - Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

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24
Q

SONET throughput (base data rate)

A

51.84Mbps

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25
Optical Carrier Level
Multiples of SONET. OC-1, OC-2, etc
26
OC-1 data rate
51.84Mbps
27
OC-3 data rate
155.52Mbps
28
OC-12 data rate
622.08Mbps
29
OC-48 data rate
2.488Gbps
30
OC-192 data rate
9.953Gbps
31
WDM
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a technology that multiplexes several optical carriers on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths. Remember, fiber-optic signals are light, so using different wavelengths of the light spectrum is somewhat like using different frequencies in a radio wave.
32
Microwave radio relay
technology for transmitting digital and sometimes even analog signals between two locations on a line-of-sight radio path through the atmosphere
33
Differences between DSL and Cable
Speed, security (each has different vulnerabilities), popularity, customer satisfaction
34
HDSL
High bit-rate digital subscriber line. HDSL was the first DSL technology to use a higher-frequency spectrum of copper twisted-pair cables. HDSL was developed in the United States as a better technology for high-speed, synchronous circuits
35
Types of xDSL
HDSL, SDSL, VDSL, ADSL
36
SDSL
``` Symmetric (same rate in both directions) digital subscriber line (SDSL) provides T1/E1 type speeds symmetrically for both uploading and downloading data but doesn’t allow low-frequency phone calls on the same line ```
37
VDSL
VDSL, or very high bitrate DSL (VHDSL), provides faster data transmission over single, flat, untwisted or twisted pairs of copper wires. This capacity for blazingly fast speeds mean that VDSL is capable of supporting high-bandwidth applications like HDTV and telephone services like the popular Voice over IP (VoIP) as well as general Internet access over a single connection. VDSL is deployed over existing wiring used for POTS and lower-speed DSL connections
38
ADSL
Asymmetric (meaning different upload and download speeds) DSL has become the most popular xDSL because it focuses on providing reasonably fast upstream transmission speeds (768 Kbps) and very fast downstream transmission speeds (up to 9 Mbps, although usually slower). works on a single phone line without losing voice call capability
39
Headend
This is where all cable signals are received, processed, and formatted. The signals are then transmitted over the distribution network from the headend
40
Distribution Network
These are relatively small service areas that usually range in size from 100 to 2,000 customers. They’re typically composed of a mixed, fiber-coaxial, or hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) architecture
41
DOCSIS
Data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS) This specification provides the interface requirements for a data over cable system, including that of high-speed data transfer to an existing cable TV system. All cable modems and similar devices have to measure up to this standard.
42
1G
Voice-only analog network. Wireless WAN technology.
43
2G
Wireless WAN technology. Digital voice and simple data (text)
44
3G
Wireless WAN technology.. High-speed voice and data, internet
45
4G
Wireless WAN technology. Goal is to provide data rates far beyond 3G.
46
Two varients of 4G
LTE, WiMAX
47
HSPA+
Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+) is really considered a 3.5 generation technology. 3-4mbps down, 1-2mbps up
48
WiMAX
World Wide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) is considered a true 4G technology. It is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard. It supports fixed (tower to tower) and mobile applications. 5-6mbps down, 2-3mbps up
49
LTE
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the most promising of the emerging 4G technologies. Compatible with 3G and WiMAX. Best indoor coverage. 7-12mbps down, 3-5 up
50
Frame Relay
Frame Relay is a WAN technology in which variable-length packets are transmitted by switching.
51
Access rate
The maximum speed at which the Frame Relay interface can transmit.
52
Committed information rate (CIR)
The maximum bandwidth of data guaranteed to be delivered. In reality, it’s the average amount that the service provider will allow you to transmit, based on what you purchased.
53
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
54
What is the greatest advantage of PSTN (POTS)?
It's readily available
55
Which technology uses the term HFC?
Cable. Hybrid Fiber Coaxial is a telecommunication industry term for a network that incorporates botht optical fiber and coaxial cable to create a broadband network
56
You have one serial port on your router but need to connect many remote sites. What WAN protocol could you consider as an option?
Frame Relay.
57
What is the maximum speed for T1?
1.55Mbps
58
What does the acronym DSL stand for?
Digital Subscriber Line
59
Which WAN technologies are considered packet-switching networks?
Frame Relay and X.25
60
Which cellular technologies are considered 4G?
LTE and WiMAX
61
Which WAN technology is considered a cell-switching network?
ATM
62
What are the different flavors of xDSL?
HDSL, SDSL, VDSL, ADSL
63
What is another name for PON?
Fiber to the Premises

CompTIA Network+ (30 decks)

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