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Paramedic > Chapter 16 Respiratory Emergencies: Vital Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Respiratory Emergencies: Vital Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Refers to abnormal breath sounds or noises that occur in addition to the normal breath sounds; examples are crackles and wheezes.

A

adventitious

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2
Q

The saclike units at the end of the bronchioles in which gas exchange takes place.

A

alveoli

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3
Q

The drawing in or out by suction. In the lungs, aspiration of food, liquids, blood, or foreign objects can occur when a patient is unable to protect his or her own airway.

A

aspiration

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4
Q

Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs.

A

atelectasis

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5
Q

A pharmacologic agent that stimulates the beta-2 receptor sites found in smooth muscle; includes common bronchodilators such as albuterol and levalbuterol.

A

beta-2 agonist

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6
Q

Poisoning characterized by severe muscle paralysis and usually caused by eating food containing botulinum toxin.

A

botulism

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7
Q

Severe constriction of smooth muscle surrounding the bronchial tree.

A

bronchospasm

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8
Q

Deep cyanosis of the face and neck that extends across the chest and back; associated with little or no blood flow; a particularly ominous sign.

A

cape cyanosis

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9
Q

A ridgelike projection of tracheal cartilage located where the tracheal bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi.

A

carina

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10
Q

Contorted positioning of the hand or foot in which the fingers or toes flex in a clawlike manner; may be caused by hyperventilation.

A

carpopedal spasm

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11
Q

A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the bronchi that is characterized by excessive mucus production as a result of overgrowth of the mucous glands in the airways.

A

chronic bronchitis

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12
Q

Heart disease that develops because of chronic lung disease and affects primarily the right side of the heart.

A

cor pulmonale

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13
Q

The abnormal breath sounds that have a fine, crackling quality; previously called rales.

A

crackles

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14
Q

A common disease of infancy and childhood caused by upper airway obstruction and characterized by stridor, hoarseness, and a barking cough.

A

croup

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15
Q

The production of large amounts of urine by the kidney.

A

diuresis

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16
Q

The infiltration of any tissue by air or gas; a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by distention of the alveoli and destructive changes in the lung parenchyma.

A

emphysema

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17
Q

A sitting position with the head elevated to a 90° angle. (sitting straight upright).

A

Fowler position

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18
Q

A mesh filter placed in the inferior vena cava to catch blood clots in patients who are at high risk of pulmonary embolus.

A

Greenfield filter

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19
Q

A disease of unknown cause characterized by progressive paralysis moving from the feet to the head (ascending paralysis); if paralysis reaches the diaphragm, the patient may require respiratory support.

A

Guillain-Barre’ syndrome

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20
Q

An iron-containing protein within red blood cells that has the ability to combine with oxygen.

A

hemoglobin

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21
Q

Coughing up blood in sputum.

A

hemoptysis

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22
Q

Engorgement of the jugular veins when the liver is gently pressed; this finding is specific to right-sided heart failure.

A

hepatojugular reflux

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23
Q

An excess of oxygen

A

hyperoxia

24
Q

To move inadequate volumes of air into the lungs.

A

hypoventilate

25
Q

A dangerous condition in which the supply of oxygen to the tissues is reduced.

A

hypoxia

26
Q

A state in which the stimulus to breathe comes from a decrease in PaO2, rather than from the normal stimulus, an increase in PaCO2.

A

hypoxic drive

27
Q

The visible bulging of the jugular veins when a patient is in a semi-Fowler or full Fowler position; indicates inadequate blood movement through the heart and/ or lungs.

A

jugular venous distention

28
Q

A respiratory pattern characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis, with marked hyperpnea and tachypnea; represents the body’s attempt to compensate for the acidosis.

A

Kussmaul respirations

29
Q

Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

30
Q

Firming of the lungs as a result of fluid accumulation.

A

lung consolidation

31
Q

The transfer of a disease from one organ or part of the body to another that is not directly connected to the original site; often used to describe a cancer that has spread to another part of the body.

A

metastasis

32
Q

The sound of one note during wheezing, caused by the vibration of a single bronchus.

A

monophonic

33
Q

Severe dyspnea experienced when recumbent that is relieved by sitting or standing up.

A

orthopnea

34
Q

One of three sets of lymphatic organs that constitute the tonsils; located in the back of the throat, on each side of the posterior opening of the oral cavity; help protect the body from bacteria and other pathogens introduced into the mouth and nose.

A

palatine tonsils

35
Q

The functional portions of a gland or solid organ.

A

parenchyma

36
Q

Severe shortness of breath occurring suddenly at night after several hours of recumbency, as fluid pools in the lungs.

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

37
Q

Excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.

A

pleural effusion

38
Q

Inflammation of the lung caused by an infectious agent.

A

pneumonia

39
Q

Lung inflammation from an irritant, such as a chemical, dust, or radiation, or from aspiration, such as aspiration of gastric contents.

A

pneumonitis

40
Q

The production of too many red blood cells over time, making the blood thick; a characteristic with chronic lung disease and chronic hypoxia.

A

polycythemia

41
Q

The sound of multiple notes during wheezing; caused by the vibrations of multiple bronchi.

A

polyphonic

42
Q

A false membrane formed by a dead tissue layer; seen in the posterior pharynx of patients with diphtheria.

A

pseudomembrane

43
Q

Weakening or loss of a palpable pulse during inspiration; characteristic of conditions that cause profound pressure changes in the thorax, such as cardiac tamponade and severe asthma.

A

pulsus paradoxus

44
Q

Full of pus; having the character of pus.

A

purulent

45
Q

A term used to describe any condition that causes hyperreactive bronchioles and bronchospasm in response to certain triggers.

A

reactive airway disease

46
Q

Diseases that limit the ability of the lungs to expand appropriately. Skeletal abnormalities such as kyphosis and scoliosis are common examples of conditions that can cause these diseases.

A

restrictive lung diseases

47
Q

The drawing in of the intercostal muscles and the muscles above the clavicles that can occur in respiratory distress.

A

retractions

48
Q

The nonstriated involuntary muscle found in vessel walls, glands, and the gastrointestinal tract.

A

smooth muscle

49
Q

A noise made during inhalation when the upper airway is partially obstructed by the tongue.

A

snoring

50
Q

A device that collects medication as it is released from the canister of a metered-dose inhaler, allowing more medication to be delivered to the lungs and less to be lost to the environment.

A

spacer

51
Q

A severe, prolonged asthma attack that cannot be stopped with conventional treatment, such as the administration of epinephrine.

A

status asthmaticus

52
Q

A harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound representing air moving past an obstruction within or immediately above the glottic opening; associated with severe upper airway obstruction, such as that caused by laryngeal edema.

A

stridor

53
Q

Vibrations in the chest that can be felt with a hand on the chest as the patient breathes.

A

tactile fremitus

54
Q

The opening created during a tracheostomy procedure.

A

tracheostomoy

55
Q

A chronic bacterial disease caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs, such as the brain and kidneys.

A

tuberculosis

56
Q

The process of exchanging air between the lungs and the environment; includes inhalation and exhalation.

A

ventilation

Paramedic (25 decks)

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