chapter 16 respiratiory

Question 1

breathing

Answer 1

pulmonary ventilation

Question 2

inhalation, breathing in

Answer 2

inspiration

Question 3

exhalation, breathing out

Answer 3

expiration

Question 4

gas exchange at lungs

Answer 4

external respiration

Question 5

gas exchange at tissues

Answer 5

internal respiration

Question 6

this happens to and from lungs and tissues

Answer 6

transport of gases

Question 7

this happens when cilia push mucus toward the throat to be spit/swallowed or to nostrils to leave nose

Answer 7

mucociliary escalator

Question 8

what helps kill bacteria in the mucus?

Answer 8

lysozyme

Question 9

what is the only external portion of the repiratory system?

Answer 9

nose

Question 10

where does air enter?

Answer 10

nostriols

Question 11

how many nasal cavities?

Answer 11

two

Question 12

what are bony projections that increase surface area for warming and moistening inhaled air?

Answer 12

nasal conchae

Question 13

where are odor receptors located?

Answer 13

olfactory epithelium

Question 14

connects to the nasal cavities and acts as resonating chambers for speech

Answer 14

paranasal sinuses

Question 15

separates the oral cavity from nasal cavity

Answer 15

palate

Question 16

anterior, composed of maxillae and palatine bones

Answer 16

hard palate

Question 17

postieror, muscular

Answer 17

soft palate

Question 18

this is the throat, connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx

Answer 18

pharynx

Question 19

where the pharynx meets nasal cavities

Answer 19

nasopharynx

Question 20

where the pharynx meets oral cavity

Answer 20

oropharynx

Question 21

where the pharynx meets larynx

Answer 21

laryngopharynx

Question 22

what provides the primary lymphatic tissue defense for breathing

Answer 22

tonisls

Question 23

this has cartilaginous passageway for air between the pharynx and the trachea

Answer 23

larynx

Question 24

mucosal folds that vibrate as air is expelled, part of the larynx

Answer 24

vocal cords

Question 25

opening through larynx, surrounded by vocal cords

Answer 25

glottis

Question 26

cartilaginous flap over glottis that prevents entrance of food upon swallowing

Answer 26

epiglottis

Question 27

this connects the larynx to primary bronchi of lungs, ventral to the esophagus, mucosal lining has mucociliary escalator,

Answer 27

trachea

Question 28

network of tubes carrying air to and from deep parts of lungs where gas occurs

Answer 28

bronchial tree

Question 29

List the Steps of bronchial tree

Answer 29

1. the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi to enter lungs. 2. primary bronchi branch into secondary bronchi, one for each lobe of the lungs. (3 lobes on the right, 2 lobes on the left) 3. secondary bronchi divide into territory bronchi. 4. Tertiary bronchi become bronchioles, no cartilage 5. each bronchiole leads to an Alvero duct, which leads to an alveolar sac which leads to alveolus

Question 30

moving along the pathway of air conduction, the bronchi get smaller and smaller, lose cartilage in the walls and gain smooth muscle

Answer 30

tertiary bronchi

Question 31

smallest conducting airway

Answer 31

bronchioles

Question 32

this organ is cone shaped and paired

Answer 32

lungs

Question 33

pointed at top

Answer 33

apex

Question 34

flat bottom, rests on the diaphragm

Answer 34

base

Question 35

double layered serous membrane

Answer 35

pleural

Question 36

this sits directly on the lungs

Answer 36

visceral pleura

Question 37

this lines the pleural cavities

Answer 37

parietal pleural

Question 38

thin-walled sacs surrounded by pulmonary capillaries, sit of gas exchange and external respiration (O2 enter blood CO2 leaves blood)

Answer 38

alveoli

Question 39

True/False: Alveoli must stay open to receive inhaled air

Answer 39

true

Question 40

lowers the surface tension of water lining the alveoli preventing them from collapsing completely

Answer 40

surfactant

Question 41

facilitates rapid gas exchange, composed of fused alveolus with pulmonary capillary, extremely thig with large surface area

Answer 41

respiratory membrane

Question 42

the manner in which air enters and exits the lungs

Answer 42

ventilation

Question 43

this phase requires muscle contractions

Answer 43

active phase

Question 44

this phase is when muscles relax

Answer 44

passive phase

Question 45

instrument that records the volume of air exchanged during breathing

Answer 45

spirometer

Question 46

shows the measurements recorded by a spirometer

Answer 46

spiogram

Question 47

amount of air moving in and out of the lungs during normal breathing

Answer 47

tidal volume

Question 48

max volume of air that be inhaled plus the max volume of air that can be exhaled in one breath

Answer 48

vital captacity

Question 49

the volume of air forcibly inspired beyond the tial volume

Answer 49

inspiration reserve volume

Question 50

the volume of air forcible expire beyond the tidal volume

Answer 50

expiratory reserve volume

Question 51

amount of air remaining in lungs after a forced expiration

Answer 51

residual volume

Question 52

Explain how to control ventilation

Answer 52

occurs by a primary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata, signals coming from here cause contraction of respiratory muscles, normal breathing rhythm *eupnea) also requires input from pons

Question 53

PO2

Answer 53

Partial pressure of oxygen

Question 54

PCO2

Answer 54

partial pressure of carbon dioxide

Question 55

True or false: PO2 in air in alveoli greater than PO2 in blood (oxygen poor) oxygen moves blood

Answer 55

true

Question 56

True or false: PCO2 in air in alveoli less than PCO2 in blood (CO2 moves out of blood into alveoli and is exhaled)

Answer 56

true

Question 57

this happens when gas exchanges at tissues

Answer 57

internal respiration

Question 58

True or False: PO2 in blood (oxygen rich) is greater than PO2 in Tissues, oxygen moves out of blood towards tissues

Answer 58

true

Question 59

True or false: PCO2 in blood is lower than PCO2 at tissues, CO2 moves blood from tissues

Answer 59

true

Question 60

increased CO2= decreased pH=acidosis (pH is less than 7.35)

Answer 60

hypoventilation (low breathing rate/depth)

Question 61

decreased CO2 = increased pH= alkalosis (pH is greater than 7.45)

Answer 61

hyperventilation