Chapter 16: Psychopathology & Brain Misbehaviours Terms Flashcards
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Akathisia
Small, involuntary movements or changes in posture; motor restlessness.
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Anxiety Disorder
Any of a number of conditions in which unhelpful anxiety has negative effects on daily life.
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Autoimmune Disease
An illness resulting from the loss of the immune system;s ability to discriminate between foreign pathogens in the body and the body itself [ie. an abnormal immune response by the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body].
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Behavioral Modification
Treatment that applies learning principles, such as conditioning to eliminate unwanted behaviors.
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Bipolar Disorder
Mood disorder characterized by periods of depression alternating with normal periods and periods of intense excitation, or ‘mania’.
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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy [CTE]
The progressive degenerative disease caused by multiple concussions and other closed-head injuries, characterized by neurofibrillary tangles, plaques, cerebral atrophy, and expanded ventricles due to cell loss.
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Clinical Neuroscience
Speciality in the field of neuroscience that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders affecting the brain and central nervous system.
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Cognitive Therapy
Therapy based on the perspective that thoughts intervene between events and emotions, so the treatment of emotional disorders requires changing maladaptive patterns of thinking.
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy [CBT]
Problem-focused, action-oriented, structured treatment for eliminating dysfunctional thoughts and maladaptive thought and reasoning processes.
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Deep Brain Stimulation [DBS]
The neurosurgical technique in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to produce or facilitate behavior or give relief from psychiatric conditions.
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DMS]
The American Psychiatric Association’s classification system for psychiatric disorders.
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Diaschisis
Neural shock that follows brain damage in which areas connected to the site of damage show a temporary arrest of function.
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Festination
The tendency for a behavior to speed up, such was walking, faster and faster.
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Focal Seizure
A seizure that arises at a synchronous, hyperactive, localized brain region [at a focus].
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Generalized Seizure
An electrographic seizure that starts at a focal location, and then spreads rapidly and bilaterally to distributed networks in both hemispheres.
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Hemorrhagic Stroke
A stroke resulting from bleeding from a blood vessel.
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HPA Axis
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal circuit that controls the production and release of hormones related to stress.
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Ischemic Stroke
A stroke resulting from a blocked blood vessel.
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Lewy Body
Circular fibrous structure found in several neurocognitive disorders; forms within the cytoplasm of neurons and is thought to result from abnormal neurofilament metabolism.
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Mania
A disordered mental state of extreme excitement.
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Neurocognitive Disorder
Acquired and persistent syndrome of intellectual impairment characterized by memory and other cognitive deficits and impairments in social and occupational functioning.
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Neuroprotectant
A drug administered to block the cascade ost-trauma neural events.
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Phenylketonuria [PKU]
A behavioral disorder caused by elevated levels of the amino acid phenylalanine in the blood and resulting from a defect in the gene for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase; the major symptom is severe developmental disability.
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Posttraumatic Apathy
A condition characterized by diminished motivation and purposeful behavior following brain injury or disease.
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Posttraumatic Growth
The ability to cope with and compensate for deficits resulting from brain injury and disease.
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD]
A syndrome characterized by physiological arousal brought on by recurring memories and dreams related to a traumatic event for months or years after the event.
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Prion
Derived from the terms protein and infection, proteinaceous and infectious; an abnormally folded protein involved in progressive neurocognitive disorders.
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Psychotherapy
Talk therapy derived from Freudian psychoanalysis and other psychological interventions.
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Real-time fMRI [rt-fMRI]
A behavior-modification technique in which individuals learn to change their behavior by controlling their own patterns of brain activation.
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Tardive Dyskinesia
The inability to stop the tongue or other body parts from moving; motor side effect of neuroleptic drugs.
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Virtual Reality [VR Exposure Therapy]
A controlled virtual immersion environment that, allowing individuals to relive traumatic events, gradually desensitizes them to stress.
