Chapter 16- Psychological Disorders

Question 0

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Answer 0

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Question 1

Psychological Disorder

Answer 1

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns.

Question 2

Medical Model

Answer 2

the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. When applied to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that these mental illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital.

Question 3

DSM-IV

Answer 3

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition), a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. Presently distributed in an updated “text revision” (DSM-IV-TR).

Question 4

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 4

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Question 5

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Answer 5

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Question 6

Panic Disorder

Answer 6

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

Question 7

Phobia

Answer 7

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or stimulation.

Question 8

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Answer 8

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

Question 9

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 9

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

Question 10

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 10

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

Question 11

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Answer 11

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.

Question 12

Mood Disorders

Answer 12

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.

Question 13

Major Depression Disorder

Answer 13

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.

Question 14

Mania

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Answer 14

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Question 15

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 15

a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depression disorder.)

Question 16

Schizophrenia

Answer 16

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.

Question 17

Delusions

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Answer 17

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

Question 18

Personality Disorders

Answer 18

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Question 19

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 19

a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Question 20

Diathesis stress model

Answer 20

The diathesis-stress model of abnormality tries to explain how biology and environment work together on people’s minds. According to this model, people are born with a certain biological or genetic predisposition to a mental illness.

Question 21

4 D’s

Answer 21

Deviance, dysfunction, distress, danger

Question 22

Agoraphobia

Answer 22

extreme or irrational fear of crowded spaces or enclosed public places.

Question 23

Specific phobia

Answer 23

intense, persistent fears of certain objects or situations, such as a fear of snakes or a fear of flying

Question 24

Social phobia

Answer 24

also called Social Anxiety Disorder, is an anxiety disorder characterized by overwhelming anxiety and excessive self-consciousness in everyday social situations.

Question 25

Dysthymic disorder

Answer 25

dysthymia is a serious state of chronic depression, which persists for at least two years (1 year for children and adolescents); it is less acute and severe than major depressive disorder.

Question 26

Hallucinations

Answer 26

Distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

Question 27

Paranoid

Answer 27

Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity.

Question 28

Disorganized

Answer 28

Disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion.

Question 29

Catatonic

Answer 29

Immobility, extreme negativism, and parrot like repeating of another’s speech or movements.