Chapter 16- Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Psychological Disorder
deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns.
Medical Model
the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. When applied to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that these mental illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital.
DSM-IV
the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition), a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. Presently distributed in an updated “text revision” (DSM-IV-TR).
Anxiety Disorders
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
Panic Disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
Phobia
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or stimulation.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.
Dissociative Disorders
disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder.
Mood Disorders
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder.
Major Depression Disorder
a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.
Mania
a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
Bipolar Disorder
a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depression disorder.)
Schizophrenia
a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.
Delusions
false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
Personality Disorders
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
Diathesis stress model
The diathesis-stress model of abnormality tries to explain how biology and environment work together on people’s minds. According to this model, people are born with a certain biological or genetic predisposition to a mental illness.
4 D’s
Deviance, dysfunction, distress, danger
Agoraphobia
extreme or irrational fear of crowded spaces or enclosed public places.
Specific phobia
intense, persistent fears of certain objects or situations, such as a fear of snakes or a fear of flying
Social phobia
also called Social Anxiety Disorder, is an anxiety disorder characterized by overwhelming anxiety and excessive self-consciousness in everyday social situations.
Dysthymic disorder
dysthymia is a serious state of chronic depression, which persists for at least two years (1 year for children and adolescents); it is less acute and severe than major depressive disorder.
Hallucinations
Distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
Paranoid
Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations, often with themes of persecution or grandiosity.
Disorganized
Disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion.
Catatonic
Immobility, extreme negativism, and parrot like repeating of another’s speech or movements.
