Chapter 12 - Motivation and Work

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

A need or desire that energizes or directs behavior.

Question 2

Instinct

Answer 2

A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

Question 3

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 3

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy a need.

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

A tendency to maintain a balances or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.

Question 5

Incentives

Answer 5

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

Question 6

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 6

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that most 1st be satisfied before higher-level safety needs & then physiological needs become active.

Question 7

Optimal Arousal Theory

Answer 7

Not all behaviors reduce immediate physiological needs or tension states. Arousal theory helps explain the motivation for those behaviors. Curiosity driven behaviors - too much stimulation can motivate people to seek optimum level of arousal.

Question 8

Abraham Maslow

Answer 8

Humanistic founding father - Hierarchy of Needs.

Question 9

Glucose

Answer 9

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood & provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When level is low we feel hunger.

Question 10

Set Point

Answer 10

The point at which an individuals ‘weight thermostat’ is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger & a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

Question 11

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 11

The body’s resting rate of energy expedenture.

Question 12

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 12

Eating disorder - normal weight person diets & becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet still feeling fat, continues to starve.

Question 13

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 13

Eating disorder - characterized by episodes of overeating, usually high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting or excessive exercise.

Question 14

Sexual Response Cycle

Answer 14

The 4 stages of sexual responding described by masters & Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm & resolution.

Question 15

Refractory Period

Answer 15

A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another organism.

Question 16

Sexual Disorder

Answer 16

A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.

Question 17

Estrogen

Answer 17

A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.

Question 18

Testosterone

Answer 18

The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males & females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus &the development of the males characteristics during puberty.

Question 19

Sexual Orientation

Answer 19

An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation).

Question 20

Flow

Answer 20

A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self & time, resulting from optimal engagement of ones skills.

Question 21

Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology

Answer 21

The application of psychological concepts & methods of optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Question 22

Personnel Psychology

Answer 22

A subfield of I/O psychology that focuses employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisals & development.

Question 23

Organizational Psychology

Answer 23

A subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction & productivity & facilitates organizational change.

Question 24

Structured Interview

Answer 24

Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established skills.

Question 25

Achievement Motivation

Answer 25

A desire for significant accomplishment: For mastery of things, people or ideas; attaining a high idea.

Question 26

Task Leadership

Answer 26

Goal-orientated leadership that sets standards, organizes work & focuses attention on goals.

Question 27

Social Leadership

Answer 27

Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict & offers support.