Chapter 12 - Motivation and Work Flashcards
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes or directs behavior.
Instinct
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Drive-Reduction Theory
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy a need.
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balances or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
Incentives
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that most 1st be satisfied before higher-level safety needs & then physiological needs become active.
Optimal Arousal Theory
Not all behaviors reduce immediate physiological needs or tension states. Arousal theory helps explain the motivation for those behaviors. Curiosity driven behaviors - too much stimulation can motivate people to seek optimum level of arousal.
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic founding father - Hierarchy of Needs.
Glucose
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood & provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When level is low we feel hunger.
Set Point
The point at which an individuals ‘weight thermostat’ is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger & a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
Basal Metabolic Rate
The body’s resting rate of energy expedenture.
Anorexia Nervosa
Eating disorder - normal weight person diets & becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet still feeling fat, continues to starve.
Bulimia Nervosa
Eating disorder - characterized by episodes of overeating, usually high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting or excessive exercise.
Sexual Response Cycle
The 4 stages of sexual responding described by masters & Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm & resolution.
Refractory Period
A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another organism.
Sexual Disorder
A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.
Estrogen
A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.
Testosterone
The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males & females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus &the development of the males characteristics during puberty.
Sexual Orientation
An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation).
Flow
A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self & time, resulting from optimal engagement of ones skills.
Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology
The application of psychological concepts & methods of optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
Personnel Psychology
A subfield of I/O psychology that focuses employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisals & development.
Organizational Psychology
A subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction & productivity & facilitates organizational change.
Structured Interview
Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established skills.
Achievement Motivation
A desire for significant accomplishment: For mastery of things, people or ideas; attaining a high idea.
Task Leadership
Goal-orientated leadership that sets standards, organizes work & focuses attention on goals.
Social Leadership
Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict & offers support.
