Chapter 15 - Personality pt. 2

Question 1

Terror-management Theory

Answer 1

proposes that faith in one’s worldview and the pursuit of one’s self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death.

Question 2

Self-actualization

Answer 2

According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved the motivation to fulfill one’s potential.

Question 3

Unconditional Positive Regard

Answer 3

An attitude of total acceptance toward another person.

Question 4

Self-Concept

Answer 4

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question ‘who am i?’

Question 5

Traits

Answer 5

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.

Question 6

Gordon Allport

Answer 6

Define personality in terms of identifiable behavior patterns. He was less concerned explaining traits than identifying with them.

Question 7

Personality Inventories

Answer 7

A questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits.

Question 8

MMPI

Answer 8

The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use) the rest is now used for many other screening purposes.

Question 9

Ellie

Answer 9

dog

Question 10

Empirically Derived

Answer 10

A test developed by testing a pool of items and then deleting those that discriminate between groups.

Question 11

The Big Five

Answer 11

5 traits that surface a lot. CANOE. Conscientiousness Agreeableness Neuroticism (emotionally stable vs. unstable) Openness Extraversion.

Question 12

Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 12

Interacting influences between personality and environmental factors.

Question 13

Personal Control

Answer 13

Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless.

Question 14

External Locus of Control

Answer 14

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond one’s personal control determine’s ones fate.

Question 15

Internal Locus of Control

Answer 15

The perception that one controls one’s own fate.

Question 16

Positive Psychology

Answer 16

The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enables individuals and communities to thrive.

Question 17

Spotlight Effect

Answer 17

Overestimating others noticing and evaluation our appearance, performance and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).

Question 18

Self-Esteem

Answer 18

One’s feelings of high or low self-worth

Question 19

Self-serving Bias

Answer 19

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably.

Question 20

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 20

Emphasizes empathy and stresses the good in human behavior.

Question 21

Carl Rogers

Answer 21

believed that in order for self-actualization to occur, 3 conditions. Genuine, acceptance, empathy.

Question 22

Factor Analysis

Answer 22

The statistical procedure used to identify clusters of traits that go together.

Question 23

Social-cognitive perspective

Answer 23

views behavior as influence by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context.

Question 24

Martin Seligman

Answer 24

Positive Psychology

Question 25

Learned Helplessness

Answer 25

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events.