Chapter 16 - Practical techniques in organic chemistry

Question 1

What is heating under reflux?

Answer 1

It is vaporisation followed by condensation back to the original container.

Question 2

What is Distillation?

Answer 2

Distillation is used to separate a liquid from a solution or from a mixture of liquids. Distillation is vaporisation followed by condensation to a different container.

Question 3

Organic liquid contaminated by water?

Answer 3

Form two layers in which the denser layer will be at the bottom.
- Separated by using separating funnel and carefully running each layer through the tap into different containers

Question 4

Organic liquid contaminated by acid impurities?

Answer 4

Add sodium carbonate and shake the mixture formed. Acid impurities react with sodium carbonate and form aqueous sodium carbonate layer.
- Separated by using separating funnel and carefully running each layer through the tap into different containers

Question 5

What are anti bumping granules?

Answer 5

Used to make sure liquid boils more calmly.