Chapter 16 - Personalities Flashcards
__________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable set of behaviors, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterize an individual throughout life.
a. personality
b. temperment
c. genetics
d. trait
personality
Raymond Cattell advanced the study of personality by:
a. using objective tests in his research.
b. developing case-study analysis.
c. developing the TIPI.
d. using factor analysis
using factor analysis
Which component of personality is present at birth and is the reservoir of unconscious sexual and aggressive energy?
a. the superego.
b. the id.
c. the libido.
c. the ego.
the id.
Mark is angry when the teacher blames him for misbehaving when it actually was the child behind him who had been acting up. As he leaves after school, he shoves another boy who gets in his way. Freud would say that Mark is unconsciously using the defense mechanism of:
a. denial.
b. displacement.
c. projection.
d. regression.
displacement.
By the end of the twentieth century, biological research was demonstrating that about half of the variation in personality traits is due to:
a. psychological factors.
b. genetic variation.
c. brain differences.
d. epigenetics.
genetic variation.
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?
a. psychopathy
b. neuroticism
c. openness to experience
d. agreeableness
psychopathy
__________ occurs when Jenny refuses to admit to an event that causes her anxiety or distress.
a. Displacement
b. Denial
c. Sublimation
d. Projection
Denial
A ___________ is a habitual way of behaving, thinking, and feeling.
a. personality type
b. trait
c. temperament
d. personality
trait
Ryan is the type of person you can rely on. He is a very committed employee who works very hard to ensure all of his projects are completed well and on time. Ryan would score high on the personality trait of:
a. openness.
b. agreeableness.
c. neuroticism.
d. conscientiousness.
conscientiousness.
Janine had always worried that people did not really like her. She found it very difficult to relax in social situations, as she was so concerned about self-perception. Janine would score high on the following personality trait:
a. openness.
b. conscientiousness.
c. agreeableness.
d. neuroticism.
neuroticism.
Which trait among the Big Five typically decreases in later adulthood?
a. emotional stability.
b. extroversion.
c. conscientiousness.
d. psychoticism.
extroversion.
Physiological dispositions to respond to the environment in certain ways are present in infancy. These dispositions, called ____________, are assumed to be innate.
a. traits
b. aptitudes
c. personalities
d. temperaments
temperaments
What are the three criteria that characterize personality traits?
a. consistency, stability, and individual differences
b. continuity, stability, and interpersonal parallels
c. consistency, flexibility, and individual differences
d. continuity, flexibility, and interpersonal parallels
consistency, stability, and individual differences
Factor analysis allowed personality theorists to:
a. assess the ability of specific personality tests to predict behavior
b. measure the contribution of genetics to personality characteristics
c. analyze the correlations among traits and identify the most important ones
d. generate statistically significant descriptions of personality traits
analyze the correlations among traits and identify the most important ones
Hans Eysenck suggested that two traits are the most important traits of the Five-Factor Model. More recently, Jeffrey Gray has suggested that these two traits are important because they are related to fundamental reward and avoidance systems in the brain. Which two traits of the Five-Factor Model are Eysenck and Gray referring to, and how do they map onto the reward and avoidance systems?
a. Extroverts avoid punishment while Neurotic individuals approach rewards.
b. Extroverts approach rewards while Neurotic individuals avoid rewards.
c. Extroverts approach rewards while Neurotic individuals avoid punishment.
d. Extroverts approach punishment while Neurotic individuals avoid punishment.
Extroverts approach rewards while Neurotic individuals avoid punishment.
