Chapter 15 - Culture

Question 1

Gottlieb is an anthropologist who is studying an Indigenous culture in Australia. She spends hundreds of hours observing people in this culture and interviews some of them. This is an example of a(n) _______ study.
a. cross-sectional
b. longitudinal
c. cross-cultural
d. ethnographic

Answer 1

ethnographic

Question 2

Dr. Vangknathan wants to conduct a study that will allow her to make comparisons between groups of people from different cultures. What would be her best approach?
a. an ethnographic study
b. a meta-analysis
c. a cross-cultural study
d. an ethnocentric study

Answer 2

a cross-cultural study

Question 3

Vladamir comes from a culture in which his own accomplishments are very important to him because he feels that they set him apart from others. On his resume he lists the jobs he’s had, the awards he’s won, and the degrees that he has earned. He feels that this will help him get the new job for which he is applying. The culture in which Vladamir comes from appears to value:
a. ethnocentrism
b. collectivism
c. individualism
d. monism

Answer 3

individualism

Question 4

The tendency to define one’s self in terms of stable traits that guide behavior is indicative of the ________ self.
a. independent
b. interpdependent
c. dependent
d. integrated

Answer 4

independent

Question 5

Which of the following is the best definition of “culture”?
a. distinct values of social groups
b. social patterns of shared meaning
c. traditions and rituals passed from one generation to the next
d. a stable, homogenous collective identity

Answer 5

social patterns of shared meaning

Question 6

On a trip to Japan, you find yourself suddenly feeling disoriented in a radically different cultural environment. Your friend who took PSY 121 notes that you are likely experiencing:
a. travel anxiety
b. ethnocentric bias
c. jet lag
d. culture shock

Answer 6

culture shock

Question 7

A Japanese mother is unlikely to buy which of the following parenting books:
a. ‘Babies Eating Organic’
b. ‘Newborn Health’
c. ‘Preventing Allergies in your Child’
d. ‘Getting Your Toddler to Sleep in their Own Bed’

Answer 7

‘Getting Your Toddler to Sleep in their Own Bed’

Question 8

According to research by the Pew Research Center, people who see religion as less important in their daily lives are:
a. more accepting of ‘homosexuality’
b. less accepting of ‘homosexuality’
c. no different from the highly religious in their attitudes toward ‘homosexuality’
d. more publicly accepting of ‘homosexuality’ despite private negativity

Answer 8

more accepting of ‘homosexuality’

Question 9

Cultural _________ are the focus of an approach to understanding culture primarily by paying attention to unique and distinctive features that set them apart from other cultures.
a. differences
b. levels
c. boundaries
d. schemas

Answer 9

differences

Question 10

LaTonya has been given an award by her company and makes a speech at an awards banquet. Her entire speech focuses on the contributions of her work group, her family, and her friends. At no time does she note her own work or her personal achievements, LaTonya seems to emphasize the cultural value of:
a. collectivism
b. monism
c. pluralism
d. individualism

Answer 10

collectivism

Question 11

___________ is the tendency to focus on oneself and one’s personal goals, while _____________ is the tendency to focus on one’s relations with others.
a. Individualism; collectivism
b. Collectivism; individualism
c. Traitism; groupism
d. Self-esteem; collectivism

Answer 11

Individualism; collectivism

Question 12

Which research methodology uses standard forms of measurement, such as Likert scales, to compare people from different cultures and identity their differences?
a. Cross-cultural studies
b. Ethnographic studies
c. Open-ended studies
d. Ethnocentric studies

Answer 12

Cross-cultural studies

Question 13

Cross-cultural and ethnographic studies – though related – are not the same thing. Each has their own distinct advantages and disadvantages. Identify a primary disadvantage of cross-cultural studies.
a. They are vulnerable to ethnocentric bias.
b. They make it difficult to make comparisons between cultures.
c. They can only look at culture, and not other factors like race, sex, or gender.
d. They are always confounded by experimenter bias.

Answer 13

They are vulnerable to ethnocentric bias.

Question 14

What research methodology is most appropriate for understanding and appreciating culture from the point of view people within it?
a. Ethnographic studies
b. Cross-culture studies
c. Case studies
d. Cross-sectional studies

Answer 14

Ethnographic studies

Question 15

How is cultural psychology distinct from cross-cultural psychology?
a. Cultural psychology tends to rely more on ethnographic approaches
b. Cultural psychology tends to rely more on standard forms of measurement
c. Cultural psychology tends to rely more on the perspective of the researcher
d. Cultural psychology tends to rely more on North American populations

Answer 15

Cultural psychology tends to rely more on ethnographic approaches

Question 16

Which concept refers to the ability to understand why members of other cultures act in the ways they do?
a. Cultural intelligence
b. Situational identity
c. Cross-cultural psychology
d. Cultural relativism

Answer 16

Cultural intelligence

Question 17

There are many facets of failure. They include all except which of the following?
a. universality
b. sharing
c. accumulation
d. patterns

Answer 17

universality

Question 18

When people think about culture they often overlook processes such as the learning of gender roles. Why is this?
a. The learning of gender roles is often an invisible process.
b. There are few differences between cultures in the learning of gender roles.
c. Gender role learning is incredibly diverse across cultures and this variation causes us to overlook this topic.
d. Most cultures are patriarchic in nature and this lack of variation causes us to overlook this topic.

Answer 18

The learning of gender roles is often an invisible process.

Question 19

Which of the following is a strength of ethnographic studies?
a. They are culturally-sensitive
b. They allow comparisons between groups
c. They allow the use of standard scales
d. They capture cultural similarities and differences

Answer 19

They are culturally-sensitive

Question 20

Your lab-mate, Sanyu, is using open-ended interviews to understand Indigenous women’s care-giving experiences in Alberta, Canada. What kind of research approach best describes her work?
a. Cultural psychology
b. Cross-cultural psychology
c. Enculturation psychology
d. Observational learning

Answer 20

Cultural psychology