Chapter 14 - Growing and Developing Flashcards
A(n) __________ begins as a two-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.
a. zygote
b. embryo
c. placenta
d. baby
zygote
Psychologists use the term ____________ to refer to the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes that occur during life.
a. learning
b. maturation
c. development
d. epigenetics
development
Looking back on his life, Leon, age 84, isn’t sure if he made much of an impact on the world. He’s able to find peace and contentment in spending time with his family and is trying hard to live so that he has no regrets. This fits with which conflict in Erikson’s stage of development?
a. integrity vs despair
b. initiative vs guilt
c. generativity vs stagnation
d. intimacy vs isolation
integrity vs despair
Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant’s needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
a. trust vs mistrust
b. autonomy vs shame/doubt
c. identity vs confusion
d. industry vs inferiority
trust vs mistrust
Ranjit is playing with his blocks. He throws one and it tumbles to the far side of the sofa where he can no longer see it. Even though it is not visible Ranjit still knows that it exists. Ranjit has developed:
a. recall memory
b. mental stability
c. object permanence
d. egocentrism
object permanence
Cory’s dad hides his keys under her blanket. Cory quickly retrieves and starts playing with them. What Piagetian stage has Cory mastered?
a. preoperational
b. concrete operational
c. formal operational
d. sensorimotor
sensorimotor
Which research protocol was developed to assess the nature of a child’s attachment with his/her caregiver(s)?
a. the Bobo Doll test
b. the Visual Cliff protocol
c. the Trust-Fall test
d. the Strange Situation method
the Strange Situation method
To determine Singh’s attachment style, the researcher puts him in a room with his Mom, and Singh begins to play with the toys. His Mom leaves the room, and then a stranger enters. Singh notices these changes, but does not respond. He continues to play. Singh’s attachment style would be considered:
a. secure
b. disorganized
c. ambivalent
d. avoidant
avoidant
Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?
a. conservation
b. groupthink
c. accomodation
d. assimilation
assimilation
Which of the following is an example of a reflex?
a. Becoming bored during a movie
b. Becoming defensive if you feel like someone is upset with you
c. Hugging a friend when they are sad
d. A newborn baby knowing how to nurse
A newborn baby knowing how to nurse
Which theorist proposed that one of the most important developmental challenges for adolescents is developing a sense of identity?
a. Freud
b. Erickson
c. Seligman
d. Ainsworth
Erickson
What can we conclude from Harlow’s studies?
a. both monkeys and human babies need a secure base
b. food is more important than safety
c. children are active participants in their environment
d. young primates are drawn to novelty
both monkeys and human babies need a secure base
Categories into which children actively organize the behaviors, activities, and attributes of others are called gender ____________.
a. scripts
b. roles
c. stereotypes
d. schemas
schemas
Which of the following is NOT one of the explanations for the development of adolescence in Western nations?
a. Declining demand for child labor
b. Increased emphasis on education
c. Genetic shifts in the hormones that regulate puberty
d. Redefinition of children from commodities to objects of affection
Genetic shifts in the hormones that regulate puberty
Phillip Aries’ historical analysis of death in the West described our contemporary approach to death as:
a. Tame Death
b. Death of the Self
c. Remote and Imminent Death
d. Invisible Death
Invisible Death
