Chapter 16 - Pathology

Question 1

Alopecia

Answer 1

1. Absence of hair from where it normally grows.

2. Alopecia areata = autoimmune disease which hair falls out in patches without scarring or inflammation

Question 2

Ecchymosis

Answer 2

Bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin

Question 3

Petechia

Answer 3

Small, pinpoint hemorrhage. Petechia and ecchymoses are forms of purapura!

Question 4

Pruritus

Answer 4

Itching

Question 5

Burns

Answer 5

Injury to tissues caused by heat contact

Question 6

First-degree burn

Answer 6

Superficial epidermal lesions, erythema (redness of skin), hyperesthesia (hypersensitivity to stimuli), and no blisters

Question 7

Second-degree burn

Answer 7

(Partial-thickness burn injury) - epidermal and dermal lesions, blisters, and hyperesthesia

Question 8

Third-degree burn

Answer 8

(Full-thickness burn injury) - epidermis and dermis are destroyed and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred, white tissue

Question 9

Cellulitis (!!!)

Answer 9

Diffuse (spreading), acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling.

Basically a skin infection

Question 10

Eczema (atopic dermatitis) (!!!)

Answer 10

1. Inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, paplovesicular (papule + vesicles), or papalosquamous (scaly papule)lesions.
2. Basically marked by redness, blisters, scales, and scabs.

Question 11

Exanthematous viral diseases (!!!)

Answer 11

Rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection (virus).

Examples: rubella (German measles), rubelola (measles), and varicella (chickenpox), erythema infectiosum, and hand-foot-and-mouth disease.

Question 12

Gangrene (!!!)

Answer 12

Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply

Question 13

Impetigo (!!!)

Answer 13

Bacterial inflammatory skin disease. Contagious pyoderma (pus in/within the skin) caused by staphylococci or streptococci (bacteria).

Question 14

Psoriasis (!!!)

Answer 14

Chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales. Treatment is palliative.

Question 15

Scabies

Answer 15

Contagious, parasitic (tiny mites) infection of the skin with intense pruritus (itching)

Question 16

Scleroderma (!!!)

Answer 16

Chronic and progressive disease of the skin with hardening of connective tissue

Question 17

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 17

Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs

Question 18

Tinea (!!!)

Answer 18

Infection of the skin caused by fungus

Question 19

What is the term for a circumscribed collection of pus?

Answer 19

Pustule

Question 19

What is the term for a smooth, slightly elevated edematous area that is redder and paler than surrounding skin (hive)?

Answer 19

Wheal

Question 19

What is the term for a thick-walled, closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material?

Answer 19

Cyst

Question 19

What is the term for a small collection of clear fluid (serum); blister?

Answer 19

Vesicle

Question 19

What is the term of dried serum and cellular debris?

Answer 19

Crust (scab)

Question 19

What is the term for a benign or mushroom growth extending from the surface of a mucous membrane?

Answer 19

Polyp

Question 19

Discolored, flat lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter is known as what?

Answer 19

Macule

Question 19

What is the term that means “wearing away” or “loss of epidermis”?

Answer 19

Erosion

Question 19

What is a solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or greater in diameter called?

Answer 19

Nodule

Question 19

What is the term for a groove or crack-like sores?

Answer 19

Fissure

Question 19

What is the term for an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane (deeper than erosion, goes through dermis)?

Answer 19

Ulcer

Question 19

What is the term for a small (less than 1 cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin (pimple)?

Answer 19

Papule

Question 20

Acne

Answer 20

Chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum