Chapter 16 - Pathology Flashcards
Alopecia
- Absence of hair from where it normally grows.
2. Alopecia areata = autoimmune disease which hair falls out in patches without scarring or inflammation
Ecchymosis
Bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin
Petechia
Small, pinpoint hemorrhage. Petechia and ecchymoses are forms of purapura!
Pruritus
Itching
Burns
Injury to tissues caused by heat contact
First-degree burn
Superficial epidermal lesions, erythema (redness of skin), hyperesthesia (hypersensitivity to stimuli), and no blisters
Second-degree burn
(Partial-thickness burn injury) - epidermal and dermal lesions, blisters, and hyperesthesia
Third-degree burn
(Full-thickness burn injury) - epidermis and dermis are destroyed and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred, white tissue
Cellulitis (!!!)
Diffuse (spreading), acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling.
Basically a skin infection
Eczema (atopic dermatitis) (!!!)
- Inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, paplovesicular (papule + vesicles), or papalosquamous (scaly papule)lesions.
- Basically marked by redness, blisters, scales, and scabs.
Exanthematous viral diseases (!!!)
Rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection (virus).
Examples: rubella (German measles), rubelola (measles), and varicella (chickenpox), erythema infectiosum, and hand-foot-and-mouth disease.
Gangrene (!!!)
Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply
Impetigo (!!!)
Bacterial inflammatory skin disease. Contagious pyoderma (pus in/within the skin) caused by staphylococci or streptococci (bacteria).
Psoriasis (!!!)
Chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales. Treatment is palliative.
Scabies
Contagious, parasitic (tiny mites) infection of the skin with intense pruritus (itching)
Scleroderma (!!!)
Chronic and progressive disease of the skin with hardening of connective tissue
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs
Tinea (!!!)
Infection of the skin caused by fungus
What is the term for a circumscribed collection of pus?
Pustule
What is the term for a smooth, slightly elevated edematous area that is redder and paler than surrounding skin (hive)?
Wheal
What is the term for a thick-walled, closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material?
Cyst
What is the term for a small collection of clear fluid (serum); blister?
Vesicle
What is the term of dried serum and cellular debris?
Crust (scab)
What is the term for a benign or mushroom growth extending from the surface of a mucous membrane?
Polyp
Discolored, flat lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter is known as what?
Macule
What is the term that means “wearing away” or “loss of epidermis”?
Erosion
What is a solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or greater in diameter called?
Nodule
What is the term for a groove or crack-like sores?
Fissure
What is the term for an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane (deeper than erosion, goes through dermis)?
Ulcer
What is the term for a small (less than 1 cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin (pimple)?
Papule
Acne
Chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum
