Chapter 16 - Nose, Mouth & Throat

Question 1

ala

Answer 1

the lateral outside wing of the nose on either side

Question 2

The major cause of decreased saliva flow is not the aging process itself but, rather:

Answer 2

the use of medications that have anticholinergic effects

Question 3

torus palatinus

Answer 3

a benign bony ridge running in the middle of the hard palate

Question 4

buccal mucosa

Answer 4

the lining of the cheeks and the back of the lips, inside the mouth where they touch the teeth.

Question 5

Epistaxis

Answer 5

nosebleeds

Question 6

How to treat a nosebleed:

Answer 6

Person should sit up with head tilted forward, pinch nose between thumb and forefinger for 5 to 15 minutes.

Question 7

Xerostomia (dry mouth)

Answer 7

side effect of many drugs: antidepressants, anticholinergics, antispasmodics, antihypertensives, antipsychotics, bronchodilators.

Question 8

polyps

Answer 8

benign growths that accompany chronic allergy

Question 9

Gingival hyperplasia

Answer 9

crevices between teeth and gums, pockets of debris

Question 10

Enlarged tongue occurs with which illnesses/diseases?

Answer 10

mental retardation, hypothyroidism, acromegaly

Question 11

Fordyce granules

Answer 11

small, isolated white or yellow papules on the mucosa of cheek, tongue, and lips

These little sebaceous cysts are painless and not significant.

Question 12

leukoplakia

Answer 12

chalky white raised patch

Question 13

What is the most common early lesion in people with AIDS ?

Answer 13

Oral Kaposi sarcoma

Question 14

touching the posterior wall with the tongue blade elicits the gag reflex. This tests cranial nerves

Answer 14

IX and X, the glossopharyngeal and vagus.

Question 15

Checking the midline of the tongue test which cranial nerve?

Answer 15

XII

Question 16

musty odor

Answer 16

liver disease

Question 17

a foul, fetid odor

Answer 17

dental or respiratory infections

Question 18

mouse-like smell

Answer 18

diphtheria

Question 19

Black Hairy Tongue

Answer 19

the elongation of filiform papillae and painless overgrowth of mycelial threads of fungus infection on the tongue

Question 20

Furuncle

Answer 20

A small boil located in the skin or mucous membrane; appears red and swollen and is quite painful.

Question 21

Nasal Polyps

Answer 21

Smooth, pale gray nodules, which are overgrowths of mucosa, most commonly caused by chronic allergic rhinitis.

A common site is protrusion from the middle meatus. Often multiple, they are mobile and nontender in contrast to turbinates. Symptoms include the absence of a sense of smell and a “valve that moves” in the nose as the person breathes.

Question 22

Cleft Lip

Answer 22

Maxillofacial clefts are the most common congenital deformities of the head and neck. Early treatment preserves the functions of speech and language formation and deglutition (swallowing).

Question 23

Herpes Simplex 1

Answer 23

The cold sores are groups of clear vesicles with a surrounding indurated erythematous base

Question 24

Angular Cheilitis (Stomatitis, Perlèche)

Answer 24

Erythema, scaling, shallow and painful fissures at the corners of the mouth occur with excess salivation and Candida infection. It is often seen in edentulous persons and in those with poorly fitting dentures causing folding in of corners of mouth, creating a warm, moist environment favoring growth of yeast.

Question 25

malocclusion

Answer 25

Upper or lower dental arches are not in alignment and incisors protrude from developmental problem of mandible or maxilla or incompatibility between jaw size and tooth size.

Question 26

gingivitis

Answer 26

Gum margins are red and swollen and bleed easily. gingival tissue has desquamated, exposing roots of teeth. Inflammation is usually due to poor dental hygiene or vitamin C deficiency.

Question 27

aphthous ulcers

Answer 27

A “canker sore” is a vesicle at first and then a small, round, “punched-out” ulcer with a white base surrounded by a red halo.

Question 28

Candidiasis or Monilial Infectio

Answer 28

A white, cheesy, curdlike patch on the buccal mucosa and tongue. It scrapes off, leaving a raw, red surface that bleeds easily. Termed “thrush” in the newborn. It is an opportunistic infection that occurs after the use of antibiotics and corticosteroids and in immunosuppressed persons.