Chapter 16 - Nose, Mouth & Throat Flashcards
ala
the lateral outside wing of the nose on either side
The major cause of decreased saliva flow is not the aging process itself but, rather:
the use of medications that have anticholinergic effects
torus palatinus
a benign bony ridge running in the middle of the hard palate
buccal mucosa
the lining of the cheeks and the back of the lips, inside the mouth where they touch the teeth.
Epistaxis
nosebleeds
How to treat a nosebleed:
Person should sit up with head tilted forward, pinch nose between thumb and forefinger for 5 to 15 minutes.
Xerostomia (dry mouth)
side effect of many drugs: antidepressants, anticholinergics, antispasmodics, antihypertensives, antipsychotics, bronchodilators.
polyps
benign growths that accompany chronic allergy
Gingival hyperplasia
crevices between teeth and gums, pockets of debris
Enlarged tongue occurs with which illnesses/diseases?
mental retardation, hypothyroidism, acromegaly
Fordyce granules
small, isolated white or yellow papules on the mucosa of cheek, tongue, and lips
These little sebaceous cysts are painless and not significant.
leukoplakia
chalky white raised patch
What is the most common early lesion in people with AIDS ?
Oral Kaposi sarcoma
touching the posterior wall with the tongue blade elicits the gag reflex. This tests cranial nerves
IX and X, the glossopharyngeal and vagus.
Checking the midline of the tongue test which cranial nerve?
XII
musty odor
liver disease
a foul, fetid odor
dental or respiratory infections
mouse-like smell
diphtheria
Black Hairy Tongue
the elongation of filiform papillae and painless overgrowth of mycelial threads of fungus infection on the tongue
Furuncle
A small boil located in the skin or mucous membrane; appears red and swollen and is quite painful.
Nasal Polyps
Smooth, pale gray nodules, which are overgrowths of mucosa, most commonly caused by chronic allergic rhinitis.
A common site is protrusion from the middle meatus. Often multiple, they are mobile and nontender in contrast to turbinates. Symptoms include the absence of a sense of smell and a “valve that moves” in the nose as the person breathes.
Cleft Lip
Maxillofacial clefts are the most common congenital deformities of the head and neck. Early treatment preserves the functions of speech and language formation and deglutition (swallowing).
Herpes Simplex 1
The cold sores are groups of clear vesicles with a surrounding indurated erythematous base
Angular Cheilitis (Stomatitis, Perlèche)
Erythema, scaling, shallow and painful fissures at the corners of the mouth occur with excess salivation and Candida infection. It is often seen in edentulous persons and in those with poorly fitting dentures causing folding in of corners of mouth, creating a warm, moist environment favoring growth of yeast.
malocclusion
Upper or lower dental arches are not in alignment and incisors protrude from developmental problem of mandible or maxilla or incompatibility between jaw size and tooth size.
gingivitis
Gum margins are red and swollen and bleed easily. gingival tissue has desquamated, exposing roots of teeth. Inflammation is usually due to poor dental hygiene or vitamin C deficiency.
aphthous ulcers
A “canker sore” is a vesicle at first and then a small, round, “punched-out” ulcer with a white base surrounded by a red halo.
Candidiasis or Monilial Infectio
A white, cheesy, curdlike patch on the buccal mucosa and tongue. It scrapes off, leaving a raw, red surface that bleeds easily. Termed “thrush” in the newborn. It is an opportunistic infection that occurs after the use of antibiotics and corticosteroids and in immunosuppressed persons.
