Chapter 13 - Head, Face, Neck

Question 1

Craniosynostosis is a severe deformity caused by…

Answer 1

premature closure of the sutures

Question 2

Narrow palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, and midfacial hypoplasia are characteristic of…

Answer 2

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 3

Kyphosis of the spine is common with aging. To compensate, older adults will…

Answer 3

extend their heads and jaws forward

Question 4

Alcohol consumption may precipitate the onset of what type of headaches?

Answer 4

cluster or migraine

Question 5

Most facial bones articulate at a suture. Which facial bone articulates at a joint

Answer 5

mandible

Question 6

A severe deficiency of thyroid hormone leading to nonpitting edema, coarse facial features, dry skin, and dry coarse hair is known as

Answer 6

myxedema

Question 7

What disease is characterized by a flat, expressionless, or mask-like face, a staring gaze, oily skin, and elevated eyebrows?

Answer 7

Parkinson disease

Question 8

A patient is admitted to the emergency room after a motor vehicle accident. The trachea is deviated to the left side. This finding is characteristic of:

Answer 8

right pneumothorax.

Question 9

Cranial Nerve VII is commonly called the:

Answer 9

facial nerve

Question 10

Facial sensations of pain or touch are mediated by the three sensory branches of cranial nerve ___, the ___________ nerve

Answer 10

V, Trigeminal

Question 11

The internal carotid branches off the common carotid and runs inward and upward to supply the:

Answer 11

brain

Question 12

the external carotid supplies the:

Answer 12

face, salivary glands, and superficial temporal area

Question 13

Cranial nerve _________ innervates the sternomastoid and the trapezius muscles & is commonly called the:

Answer 13

cranial nerve XI, the spinal accessory

Question 14

The __________ is an important endocrine gland with a rich blood supply. It synthesizes and secretes _________&________, hormones that stimulate the rate of cellular metabolism .

Answer 14

thyroid gland

thyroxine (T4)
triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 15

Subjective data for Head, Neck & Face

Answer 15

1  Headache
2  Head injury
3  Dizziness
4  Neck pain, limitation of motion
5  Lumps or swelling
6  History of head or neck surgery

Question 16

Tension Headaches

Answer 16

tend to be occipital, frontal, or with bandlike tightness

Question 17

Cluster Headaches

Answer 17

(vascular) produce pain around the eye, temple, forehead, cheek

EXCRUCIATING pain

unilateral (on same side)

occur 1-2x/day (lasting

Individuals tend to move around to cope

Question 18

Migraines

Answer 18

(vascular) tend to be supraorbital, retro-orbital, or frontotemporal

throbbing sensation w/ SEVERE pain

occur approx. 2x/month (lasting 1-3 days)

Individuals tend to sleep to cope

Question 19

What activities might precipitate a cluster headache?

Answer 19

Alcohol ingestion and daytime napping

Question 20

What activities might precipitate a migraine?

Answer 20

alcohol, letdown after stress, menstruation, and eating chocolate or cheese

Question 21

objective vertigo

Answer 21

the person feels like the room spins

Question 22

subjective vertigo

Answer 22

the perception is that the person spins

Question 23

Acute onset of neck stiffness with headache and fever occurs with ______________

Answer 23

meningeal inflammation

Question 24

Dysphagia

Answer 24

difficulty swallowing

Question 25

Virchow’s node

Answer 25

single enlarged, nontender, hard, left supraclavicular node (Virchow’s node) may indicate neoplasm (tumor) in thorax or abdomen.

Question 26

Painless, rubbery, discrete nodes that gradually appear occur with

Answer 26

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 27

Cancerous nodes are

Answer 27

hard, >3 cm, unilateral, nontender, matted, and fixed

Question 28

The trachea is pushed to the unaffected (or healthy) side with an:

Answer 28

aortic aneurysm, a tumor, unilateral thyroid lobe enlargement, and pneumothorax.

Question 29

The trachea is pulled toward the affected (diseased) side with:

Answer 29

large atelectasis, pleural adhesions, or fibrosis.

Question 30

Tracheal tug is a rhythmic downward pull that is synchronous with systole and that occurs with ____________ aneurysm.

Answer 30

aortic arch

Question 31

A ________ occurs with accelerated or turbulent blood flow, indicating _________ of the thyroid
(e.g., hyperthyroidism)

Answer 31

bruit, hyperplasia

Question 32

Senile tremors are:

Answer 32

benign and include head nodding (as if saying yes or no) and tongue protrusion

Question 33

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 33

a sudden drop in blood pressure when an individual changes body position (ie. from standing to sitting)

Question 34

Bell’s palsy

Answer 34

facial paralysis resulting from a dysfunction of the cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) causing an inability to control facial muscles on the affected side

Question 35

Paget’s Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans)

Answer 35

Askeletal disease of increased bone resorption and formation, which softens, thickens, and deforms bone. It affects 10% of those older than 80 years and occurs more often in males.

characterized by bowed long bones, sudden fractures, frontal bossing, and enlarging skull bones that form an acorn-shaped cranium.

Enlarging skull bones press on cranial nerves, causing symptoms of headache, vertigo, tinnitus, progressive deafness, and optic atrophy and compression of the spinal cord.

Question 36

Goiter

Answer 36

A chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland that occurs in some regions of the world where the soil is low in iodine. Not due to a neoplasm.

Question 37

Parkinson’s Syndrome

Answer 37

A deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine and degeneration of the basal ganglia in the brain. The immobility of features produces a face that is flat and expressionless, “masklike,” with elevated eyebrows, staring gaze, oily skin, and drooling.

Question 38

Cushing syndrome

Answer 38

excessive secretion of corticotropin hormone (ACTH) and chronic steroid use, the person develops a plethoric, rounded, “moonlike” face; prominent jowls; red cheeks; hirsutism on the upper lip, lower cheeks, and chin; and acneiform rash on the chest.

Question 39

Myxedema (Hypothyroidism)

Answer 39

A deficiency of thyroid hormone, when severe, causes a nonpitting edema or myxedema. Note puffy, edematous face, especially around eyes (periorbital edema), coarse facial features, dry skin, and dry, coarse hair and eyebrows

Question 40

Cachectic Appearance

Answer 40

Accompanies chronic wasting diseases such as cancer, dehydration, and starvation. Features include sunken eyes; hollow cheeks; and exhausted, defeated expression

Question 41

Scleroderma

Answer 41

(literally “Hard-skin) chronic hardening and shrinking degenerative changes in the skin, blood vessels, synovium, and skeletal muscle

Question 42

Torticollis

Answer 42

shortening of muscle in neck

Question 43

8 Critical Characteristics

Answer 43

• Location - Little
• Character - Children
• Quantity - Quietly
• Timing - Tell
• Setting - Secrets
• Associated - About
• Aggravating - All
• Perception - Patients