Chapter 13 - Head, Face, Neck Flashcards
Craniosynostosis is a severe deformity caused by…
premature closure of the sutures
Narrow palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, and midfacial hypoplasia are characteristic of…
fetal alcohol syndrome
Kyphosis of the spine is common with aging. To compensate, older adults will…
extend their heads and jaws forward
Alcohol consumption may precipitate the onset of what type of headaches?
cluster or migraine
Most facial bones articulate at a suture. Which facial bone articulates at a joint
mandible
A severe deficiency of thyroid hormone leading to nonpitting edema, coarse facial features, dry skin, and dry coarse hair is known as
myxedema
What disease is characterized by a flat, expressionless, or mask-like face, a staring gaze, oily skin, and elevated eyebrows?
Parkinson disease
A patient is admitted to the emergency room after a motor vehicle accident. The trachea is deviated to the left side. This finding is characteristic of:
right pneumothorax.
Cranial Nerve VII is commonly called the:
facial nerve
Facial sensations of pain or touch are mediated by the three sensory branches of cranial nerve ___, the ___________ nerve
V, Trigeminal
The internal carotid branches off the common carotid and runs inward and upward to supply the:
brain
the external carotid supplies the:
face, salivary glands, and superficial temporal area
Cranial nerve _________ innervates the sternomastoid and the trapezius muscles & is commonly called the:
cranial nerve XI, the spinal accessory
The __________ is an important endocrine gland with a rich blood supply. It synthesizes and secretes _________&________, hormones that stimulate the rate of cellular metabolism .
thyroid gland
thyroxine (T4)
triiodothyronine (T3)
Subjective data for Head, Neck & Face
1 Headache 2 Head injury 3 Dizziness 4 Neck pain, limitation of motion 5 Lumps or swelling 6 History of head or neck surgery
Tension Headaches
tend to be occipital, frontal, or with bandlike tightness
Cluster Headaches
(vascular) produce pain around the eye, temple, forehead, cheek
EXCRUCIATING pain
unilateral (on same side)
occur 1-2x/day (lasting
Individuals tend to move around to cope
Migraines
(vascular) tend to be supraorbital, retro-orbital, or frontotemporal
throbbing sensation w/ SEVERE pain
occur approx. 2x/month (lasting 1-3 days)
Individuals tend to sleep to cope
What activities might precipitate a cluster headache?
Alcohol ingestion and daytime napping
What activities might precipitate a migraine?
alcohol, letdown after stress, menstruation, and eating chocolate or cheese
objective vertigo
the person feels like the room spins
subjective vertigo
the perception is that the person spins
Acute onset of neck stiffness with headache and fever occurs with ______________
meningeal inflammation
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
Virchow’s node
single enlarged, nontender, hard, left supraclavicular node (Virchow’s node) may indicate neoplasm (tumor) in thorax or abdomen.
Painless, rubbery, discrete nodes that gradually appear occur with
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Cancerous nodes are
hard, >3 cm, unilateral, nontender, matted, and fixed
The trachea is pushed to the unaffected (or healthy) side with an:
aortic aneurysm, a tumor, unilateral thyroid lobe enlargement, and pneumothorax.
The trachea is pulled toward the affected (diseased) side with:
large atelectasis, pleural adhesions, or fibrosis.
Tracheal tug is a rhythmic downward pull that is synchronous with systole and that occurs with ____________ aneurysm.
aortic arch
A ________ occurs with accelerated or turbulent blood flow, indicating _________ of the thyroid
(e.g., hyperthyroidism)
bruit, hyperplasia
Senile tremors are:
benign and include head nodding (as if saying yes or no) and tongue protrusion
orthostatic hypotension
a sudden drop in blood pressure when an individual changes body position (ie. from standing to sitting)
Bell’s palsy
facial paralysis resulting from a dysfunction of the cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) causing an inability to control facial muscles on the affected side
Paget’s Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans)
Askeletal disease of increased bone resorption and formation, which softens, thickens, and deforms bone. It affects 10% of those older than 80 years and occurs more often in males.
characterized by bowed long bones, sudden fractures, frontal bossing, and enlarging skull bones that form an acorn-shaped cranium.
Enlarging skull bones press on cranial nerves, causing symptoms of headache, vertigo, tinnitus, progressive deafness, and optic atrophy and compression of the spinal cord.
Goiter
A chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland that occurs in some regions of the world where the soil is low in iodine. Not due to a neoplasm.
Parkinson’s Syndrome
A deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine and degeneration of the basal ganglia in the brain. The immobility of features produces a face that is flat and expressionless, “masklike,” with elevated eyebrows, staring gaze, oily skin, and drooling.
Cushing syndrome
excessive secretion of corticotropin hormone (ACTH) and chronic steroid use, the person develops a plethoric, rounded, “moonlike” face; prominent jowls; red cheeks; hirsutism on the upper lip, lower cheeks, and chin; and acneiform rash on the chest.
Myxedema (Hypothyroidism)
A deficiency of thyroid hormone, when severe, causes a nonpitting edema or myxedema. Note puffy, edematous face, especially around eyes (periorbital edema), coarse facial features, dry skin, and dry, coarse hair and eyebrows
Cachectic Appearance
Accompanies chronic wasting diseases such as cancer, dehydration, and starvation. Features include sunken eyes; hollow cheeks; and exhausted, defeated expression
Scleroderma
(literally “Hard-skin) chronic hardening and shrinking degenerative changes in the skin, blood vessels, synovium, and skeletal muscle
Torticollis
shortening of muscle in neck
8 Critical Characteristics
- Location - Little
- Character - Children
- Quantity - Quietly
- Timing - Tell
- Setting - Secrets
- Associated - About
- Aggravating - All
- Perception - Patients
