Chapter 16: Nonspecific Defenses of the host

Question 1

First Line of defense

Answer 1

intact skin, mucous membranes and their secretions, normal microbiota; innate immunity that we are
born with

Question 2

Phagocytosis

Answer 2

chemotaxis and adherence, ingestion and formation of phagosome, digestion: phagolysosome digestion and destruction of target.

Question 3

Inflammation

Answer 3

tissue damage leads to vasodilation and increased permeability for WBCs to get there. Next comes margination where phagocytes slip through gaps in capillaries and stick to them. Next is phagocytosis, and last is tissue repair.

Question 4

complement activation

Answer 4

1. opsonization where the antigen is covered in proteins to flag down the phagocytes, then inflammation, then cytolysis

Question 5

Phagocytes fight back by

Answer 5

capsules, M protein, and Leukocidins