Chapter 1: The Microbial World and You Flashcards
What are the telling characteristics of bacteria?
Prokaryotic; single celled; Several Shapes: bacillus, coccus, spirilla, many form pairs, chains, or clusters (depending on the genus or species). Cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan. The reproduce through binary fission (dividing into two equal cells.) Nutritionally speaking, they use chemicals from dead or living organisms, but some can make own food through photosynthesis; some derive food through inorganic substances. Many bacteria swim with Flagella.
What are the telling characteristics of Archaea?
Prokaryotic; single celled; cell walls, NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN; found in EXTREME environments, There are three groups: methanogens (produce methane as waste), extreme halophiles (love salt), extreme thermophiles, Not known to cause disease in humans.
What are the telling characteristics of fungi?
Eukaryotic; can be single or multi cellular; DO NOT carry out photosynthesis; cell walls composed of chitin. If they are unicellular, they are known as yeasts (which are oval and larger than bacteria. Molds are multicellular fungi, mycelia composed of hyphae. Molds can reproduce sexually or asexually. Nutritionally speaking, fungi absorb solutions of organic material from the environment (sea water, soil, animal/plant host.) Slime molds have characteristics of fungi and amoebas
What are the telling characteristics of Protozoa?
Eukaryotic; unicelluar, move by pseudopods, flagella, or cilia, can live as free entities or as parasites. Examples include euglena, (photosynthetic). They can reproduce sexually or asexually.
What are the telling characteristics of Algae?
Eukaryotic; photosynthetic; sexual+asexual reprduction, Cell walls composed of cellulose.
What did Hooke contribute?
CELL THEORY! by looking at cork through a crude microscope, he named cells and marked the beginning of people believing that all living things are composed of cells.
What did van Leewenhoek contribute?
HE EXAMINED EVERYTHING WITH HIS LITTLE MICROSCOPE. First to observe microbes, did drawings of animalcules. Examined teeth slime, feces, sperm etc.
What did Pasteur contribute?
Discovered WHY VACCINATIONS WORK. Discovered that microbes contaminate sterile solutions, but that the air itself does not create microbes. Boiled beef broth, left some open to cool, while others were sealed. Open=contamination; sealed=no contamination. Conclusion: microbes in the air were responsible for contamination of non-living matter. **S-Flasks: broth put in S flasks did not decay or show signs of life for months. THIS DISPROVED SPONTANEOUS GENERATION.
Also, came up with the basis of aseptic technique.
What did Lister contribute?
He applied the germ theory to medicine and started using disinfectant during medical procedures.
What did Jenner contribute?
He developed the smallpox VACCINE from cowpox cultures.
What did Koch contribute?
Developed Koch’s postulates: giving proof that bacteria actually caused disease. He discovered bacillus anthracis in the blood of cattle that had died from anthrax. He took the culture and injected it into healthy animals, which became sick and died. When he cultured their blood, the cultures were identical.
