Chapter 16: Immune System Flashcards
What is innate/non-specific immunity ?
doesn’t care what the specific pathogen is, just knows it doesn’t belong
- generalized response
What is adaptive/specific immunity ?
identification of an antigen through the previous memory of the pathogen
- have to know what they’re up against
What is the function of the 1° lymphoid tissue ?
production and maturation of immune cells
What is the function of the 2° lymphoid tissue ?
filters blood or lymph
What is the function of 3° or Ectopic tissue ?
arises in areas of inflammation, chronic infections, autoimmune disease, allografts, or cancer
What is the function of phagocytes ?
get rid of the bacteria or dead/damaged cells
- “clean-up crew”
What is the function of the cytotoxic cells ?
secrete chemicals that will kill any cells around it
What is the purpose of chemotaxis ?
chemically attracts phagocytes to site of infection
What is the purpose of opsonin ?
antibodies or complement proteins that tag encapsulated bacteria for phagocytosis
- promotes phagocytosis
What is a phagosome ?
the vesicle that contains the pathogen
What is phagolysosome ?
the fusion of phagosome and lysosome
What is the function of interferon (IFN) ?
prevents other cells from working with the virus
- produced by virally infected cells
- innate response
What is the function of Histamine ?
increase intracellular gaps and dilates blood vessels
What is the function of Perforin ?
apoptosis of virally infected and some cancer cells
- innate response
What is chronic inflammation ?
prolonged response and may last years
- leads to tissue destruction, and produces scar tissue
What is acute inflammation ?
immediate response and lasts about 8-10 days
What is the function of the IgA antibody ?
external secretions
- mothers produce and put into their breast milk
What is the function of the IgD antibody ?
help to activate surface of B-lymphocyte
What is the function of the IgE antibody ?
are keys in allergies and work against parasitic worms
What is the function of the IgG antibody ?
2° immune response
- can cross the placenta
- act as an opsonin
What is the function of the IgM antibody ?
1° immune response
- works against our ABO blood types
- can’t cross the placenta
What is passive immunity ?
no memory cells
- antibodies
-didn’t active immune system
What is active immunity ?
1° (primary) immune response
- vaccinations
- activates the immune system
- is sensitized
What antibody causes the mast cells and basophils to degranulate ?
IgE
On what cells are MHC-I on ?
on all nucleated cells except neuron (not on RBCs)
On what cells are MHC-II on ?
on antigen presenting cells
Which lymphatic tissue would develop after birth and in response to chronic inflammation ?
3° lymphatic tissue
What lymphocyte is responsible for antibody production ?
plasma cells
What proteins are always present in inflammation ?
c-reactive proteins
What can C-reactive proteins be used for ?
to measure how much inflammation a person has
Does innate or adaptive immunity give a faster response ?
innate
What is the function of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) ?
it’s a molecular/chemical pattern that some pathogens may have in common that the PRR can recognize
- on pathogen
What is the function of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) ?
it’s a receptor on the phagocyte that can recognize the pattern of the pathogen and identify it as being non-self
- on the phagocyte
What are examples of innate immunity ?
- inflammation
- phagocytosis
- antigen presenting cells (APCs)
- complement cascade (alternative pathway)
What are examples of adaptive immunity ?
- cell mediated immunity
- antibody mediated immunity
- complement cascade (classical pathway)
Which MHC do the Helper T-Lymphocytes have ?
MHC-II
Which MHC do the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte have ?
MHC-I
What are examples of our first line of defense ?
skin, mucous membranes, etc
What is the function of the Antigen-Presenting Cells ?
forms a crossover/bridge between innate and specific immunity
What is another name for Helper-T-Lymphocytes ?
CD4
What is another name for the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes ?
CD8
What do the Helper T-Lymphocytes activate ?
B-Lymphocytes
In inflammation what does the release of histamine do ?
makes the intracellular gaps bigger and dilates the blood vessels
- causes edema: swelling caused by a collection of fluids
- increased blood flow: makes it look red and feel warm since there is more blood in the vessels
What is the function of Heparin in inflammation ?
acts as an anticoagulant
- makes sure you have continued blood flow
What facilitates diapedesis ?
Interleukin-1
What do the prostaglandins, and bradykinins do in the inflammation response ?
cause vasodilation and stimulates pain receptors
What cells will the Helper T-Lymphocytes differentiate into ?
effector and memory cells
What cells will the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes differentiate into ?
active and memory cells
What cells will the Naive B- Lymphocytes differentiate into ?
plasma and memory cells
What has to active the Naive B-Lymphocytes ?
- when exposed to an antigen
- the Helper T-Interleukins
What do Effector cells do ?
do the actual work of phagocytosis
What do Action cells do ?
actually make the antibodies and produce the cytotoxin
What part of the antibody is constant and never changes ?
Fc region
- activates innate leukocyte activity
What part of the antibody is variable ?
Fab region
- antibody specific
