Chapter 16 - Globalization In A Changing World

Question 1

Capitalism stimulates social change in an unprecedented way because it:

Answer 1

involves the constant expansion of production, the ever-increasing accumulation of wealth, and promotes constant revision of the technology of production, which increasingly draws science into the process

Question 2

The manufacture of material goods is no longer the basis of production in many countries today. What is?

Answer 2

the development and dissemination of information and knowledge

Question 3

Globalization affects which part of our daily lives?

Answer 3

our work patterns, our sense of individualism, and popular culture

Question 4

When it comes to debates on globalization, Joaquin believes that present levels of economic interdependence are not unprecedented and that the growth of regionalization is evidence that the world economy has become less rather than more integrated. To which school of thought does Joaquin belong?

Answer 4

skeptics

Question 5

Globalization has many consequences. Next to mounting ___________ problems, the expansion of inequalities within and between societies is one of the most serious challenges facing the world at the start of the twenty-first century.

Answer 5

Ecological

Question 6

Globalization

Answer 6

The development of social, cultural, political, and economic relationships stretching worldwide.

Question 7

Social change

Answer 7

Alteration in basic structures of a social group or society.

Question 8

Name three example of cultural factors that may influence social change

Answer 8

Communicates systems, writing, legal institutions, and religion

Question 9

What is the most important political factor that influences social change?

Answer 9

The emergence of the modern state

Question 10

How does industrial capitalism affect social change?

Answer 10

Because of the constant expansion of production, constant revision of technology, and the ever increasing accumulation of wealth.

Question 11

Postindustrial society

Answer 11

A society based on the production of information rather than material goods.

Question 12

Postmodernism

Answer 12

The belief that society is no longer governed by history or progress.

Question 13

Social movement

Answer 13

Large groups of people who seek to accomplish, or to block, a process of social change.

Question 14

Structural strain

Answer 14

Tensions that produce conflicting interests within a society

Question 15

Civil society

Answer 15

The sphere of activity that lies between the state and the marketplace, including the family, schools, community association, and other non economic institutions.

Question 16

Economic deprivation

Answer 16

According to Marx, the development of societies is marked by periodic class conflicts that tend to end in a process of revolutionary change.

Question 17

Resource mobilization

Answer 17

Tilly analyzed process of revolutionary change in the context of broader forms of protest and violence.

Question 18

Four main components of collective action

Answer 18

1. The organization of the group or groups involved
2. Mobilization - the ways in which a group acquires sufficient resources to make collective action possible
3. The common goals and interests of those engaging in collective action
4. Opportunity

Question 19

Structural conduciveness

Answer 19

The general social conditions promoting or inhibiting the formation of social movement of different types

Question 20

What are the six conditions of social movements thought of by Neil Smelser?

Answer 20

1. The general social conditions promoting or inhibiting the formation of social movements
2. There must be structural strain that produce conflicting interests
3. Generalized beliefs and ideologies
4. Precipitating factors, or events that trigger direct action
5. Leadership
6. A harsh reaction by governing authorities

Question 21

The four main ideas of Touraine’s theory of social movement

Answer 21

1. Historicity, the fact that there are more social movements then there were in the past
2. Social movements have ration objectives
3. They are shaped by social interaction
4. They change based of ‘fields of action’. Or the connections between a social movement and the influences opposing it.

Question 22

What makes new social movements different from previous ones?

Answer 22

They are more based off identity rather then economic movements

Question 23

Transnational corporations

Answer 23

Business corporations located in two or more countries

Question 24

How do skeptics explain the phenomenon of globalization?

Answer 24

They believe that levels of global economic interdependence are not unprecedented

Question 25

How do hyperglobalizers explain the phenomenon of globalization?

Answer 25

Argue that globalization is a very real phenomenon whose consequences can be felt almost everywhere, and is leading to a ‘borderless world’

Question 26

How do transformationalists explain the phenomenon of globalization?

Answer 26

They see globalization as the central force behind a broad spectrum of changes that are currently shaping modern societies

Question 27

External risk

Answer 27

Dangers that spring from the natural world and are unrelated to the actions of humans. I.e. Droughts, earthquakes, famines, and storms

Question 28

Manufactured risk

Answer 28

Dangers that are created by the impact of human knowledge and technology