Chapter 16 - Genetics

Question 1

The transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next

Answer 1

Heredity

Question 2

The field of study that includes patterns and mechanisms of inheritance (one of the oldest and newest branches of biology)

Answer 2

Genetics

Question 3

What Gregor Mendel called genes they were factors of inheritance which were inherited independently

Answer 3

Mendel’s Concept of unit Characters

Question 4

Law that states genes are inherited independently

Answer 4

Unit theory of Inheritance

Question 5

Distinguishing characteristics or phenotypic factors of an individual

Answer 5

Trait

Question 6

The generation from which things start from

Answer 6

Parent Generation (P Generation)

Question 7

The offspring from the mixing of parent gernations

Answer 7

Filial Generations

Question 8

The name of something that is a cross between two purebreeds

Answer 8

Hybrid

Question 9

An organism that is descended from ancestors of a distinct type or breed

Answer 9

Purebreed

Question 10

A cross of two hetrozygous individuals which differ in two traits

Answer 10

Dihybrid

Question 11

A cross of two heterozygous individuals which differ in one trait

Answer 11

Monohybrid

Question 12

Forms of a trait which will always be expressed when inherited

Answer 12

Dominant

Question 13

A trait (allele) that is present but usually inactive and not expressed

Answer 13

Recessive

Question 14

Specific sequence of DNA that governs the expression of a particular trait

Answer 14

Gene

Question 15

Alternate form of a gene

Answer 15

Allele

Question 16

Another word for pure means something thathas the same genes (homo meaning one)

Answer 16

Homozygous

Question 17

Another word for hybrid means something that has two different genes (Hetero meaning two)

Answer 17

Heterozygous

Question 18

The probability of two or more events happening together is the pruct of their probabilites of happening alone

Answer 18

Product Rule

Question 19

Square used to ensure correct predictions of all possible offspring of a cross

Answer 19

Punnett Square

Question 20

Genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 20

Geneotype

Question 21

Physical makeup of an orgasnism

Answer 21

Pheneotype

Question 22

When individuals of contrasting traits are crossed the offspring will posess only the dominant trait

Answer 22

Principle of Dominance

Question 23

Each parent in any organism starts with two heredity factors only one factor from each parent is contributed to the offspring

Answer 23

Law of Segregation

Question 24

Mendels’ second law of inheritance which states that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait

Answer 24

Law of independent assortment

Question 25

When two traits which are neither purely dominant nor purely recessive mix together

Answer 25

Incomplete Dominace

Question 26

When two alleles are both expressed in a heterozygous individual

Answer 26

Co-dominance

Question 27

When a gene has more than two alleles

Answer 27

Multiple Alleles

Question 28

Cross of an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual

Answer 28

Test Cross

Question 29

Genes are located on chromosomes chromosomes provide the basis for the process of segregation and independent assortment of genes

Answer 29

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Question 30

The transfer of genes on the X and Y chromosome from one generation to the next

Answer 30

Sex Linkage

Question 31

A trait that is controlled by a group of genes not just one

Answer 31

Polygenic Traits