Chapter 16 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances Flashcards
Acidosis
If person has pH lower than 7.35
Alkalosis
If person has pH higher than 7.45
Anions
Negatively charged ions
Buffers
Act chemically to change strong acids into weaker ones or binds acids to neutralize them.
Cations
Positively charged ions
CVADs Central Venous Access Devices
Catheters places in large blood vessels (subclavian, jugular) of people who need frequent or special vascular access.
Electrolytres
Substances whose molecules dissociate or split into ions when placed in water
Fluid Spacing
Term used to describe the distribution of body water
Hydrostatic Pressure
The force of fluid in a compartment pushing against a cell membrane or vessel wall
Hypernatremia
High serum sodium. May occur with inadequate water intake, excess fluid loss, or rarely sodium gain. Clinical manifestations: change in mental status (drowsiness, restlessness, confusion, lethargy, seizures, coma). If there is also ECF volume deficit, hypotension, weakness, and tachycardia.
Hypertonic
Fluids with solutes more concentrated than in the cells
Hyponatremia
Low serum sodium. Manifestations: HA, irritability, difficulty concentrating. More severe include: confusion, vomiting, seizures, and coma.
Hypotonic
Solutions in which the solutes are less concentrated than in the cells
Isotonic
Fluids with the same osmolarity as the cell interior
Oncotic Pressure
The osmotic pressure caused by plasma colloids (large molecules) in solution
